利用非棉田生境进行棉蚜生态调控初探

目的]为开发适宜新疆棉区生态控制棉蚜的技术提供基础。方法]阐述新疆棉区利用非棉田生境生态控制棉蚜的理论依据,分析非棉田生境对棉蚜及其天敌种群动态的影响,提出控制棉蚜的技术措施。结果]新疆棉区的非棉田生境中有种类较多的植食性昆虫,可作为蚜虫天敌的早期食源,繁殖天敌。非棉田生境如林带、夏熟作物(小麦)、农田边缘区及绿洲内的野生植物是影响棉蚜及其天敌的主要因素。5~6月不同生境中天敌总量的顺序为:麦田>林带>荒滩。结论]以景观生态学为指导,通过改变非棉田生境的植被组成改变害虫与天敌的相互关系,提高天敌对害虫的控制效能。

Ecological Regulation of Cottron Aphid by Using Non-cotton Habitat

Objective] The study aimed to provide foundation for developing the suitable technique for the ecological control of cotton Aphid in Xinjiang cotton area.Method] The theoretical basis of ecologically controlling cotton Aphid by using non-cotton habitat in Xinjiang cotton habitat was explained.The influences of non-cotton habitat on the population dynamics of cotton Aphid and its natural enemy were analyzed and the technical measures of controlling cotton Aphid were put forward.Result] There were more species of phytophagous insects in the non-cotton habitat in Xinjiang cotton area,which could be as early food source for the natural enemy of Aphid,so its natural enemy could reproduce.The wild plant in non-cotton habitats such as forest belt,summer crop(wheat),marginal zone of farmland and oasis was the main factor influencing cotton Aphid and its natural enemy.The total quantities of natural enemy in different habitats in May~Jun.in order were wheat field > forest belt > abandoned beach.Conclusion] With landscape-ecology as guidance,the correlation between pest and natural enemy was changed through changing the vegetation composition in non-cotton habitat so as to enhance the control efficacy of natural enemy on pest.