河南省主要粮食作物比较优势分析

在综述国内外研究现状的基础上，从河南省主要粮食作物种植结构、播种结构和单位面积产量变化趋势3个方面分析了河南省主要粮食作物的生产变化趋势。依据比较优势理论，以改进后的综合比较优势指数法为主要研究方法，利用2000～2006年的相关数据，测定了河南省各地市主要粮食作物（包括小麦、谷子、玉米、大豆、稻谷和薯类）的规模比较优势、效率比较优势、综合比较优势。结果表明，河南省主要粮食作物中，只有小麦和玉米具有比较优势，稻谷、谷子、大豆和薯类都不具有规模优势；小麦、谷子、薯类具有明显效率优势，稻谷、玉米、大豆具有较弱效率优势；小麦、玉米具有综合优势，稻谷、谷子、大豆、薯类不具有综合比较优势。结合当前河南省具体实际情况，具体分析了河南省主要粮食作物生产所面临的形式，并提出了调整河南省主要粮食作物结构的建议。

Comparative Advantage Analysis of the Main Grain Crops in Henan Province

Based on the summarization of the status quo of the research both at home and abroad,the changing trend of the production of the main grain crops,covering the planting structure,seed structure and the trend of the per unit yields are analyzed.According to the comparative advantage theory,the comprehensive comparative advantages indices,which have been revised,can be used as the main research methods.By using the relevant data from 2000 to 2006,the scale comparative advantage,the efficient comparative advantage and the comprehensive comparative advantages of the main grain crops (wheat,millet,corn,soybean,rice and tuber crops) in each city of Henan Province are measured.The results show that among the main grain crops in Henan Province,only the wheat and the corn have comparative advantages; rice,corn,soybean and potatoes all do not have the scale advantages; the wheat,millet and the potatoes have obvious efficiency advantages while rice,corn and soy-bean have relatively weak efficiency advantages; wheat and corn have comprehensive comparative advantages,while rich,millet,soy bean and potatoes do not have the comprehensive comparative advantages.Combining with the current specific situation of Henan Province,the general situation faced by the production of main grain crops in Henan Province is analyzed specifically.In the end,suggestions on adjusting the structure of the main grain crops are put forward.