流域系统重金属污染研究进展

随着经济的发展,流域系统重金属含量的累积趋势日渐明显,对流域生态环境形成了巨大威胁。为适应国家生态友好和可持续发展的战略需求,解决当前我国大江大河重金属污染问题,需要深化对重金属污染监测和治理研究现状的认识,发现并提出可操作的解决方案。文章系统总结了流域重金属污染研究领域有关土壤重金属元素形态分析、生物有效性分析、生态风险评价及植物修复、植物富集研究等方面的研究进展,整理和概括了相应的分析和评价方法。并指出：加强流域尺度河流-土壤-植被-大气系统的重金属污染宏观研究,构建基于重金属元素循环迁移机理模型、遥感和GIS等技术的现代化立体监测系统与生态风险管理系统,将是流域系统宏观尺度重金属污染监测和治理研究的重要发展方向。

Research Advances in Heavy Metal Pollution of River Basin System

With the rapid development of economy,cumulate tendency of heavy metals in river basin system becomes increasingly serious,which threatens the basin eco-environment.In order to meet the national eco-friendly and sustainable development strategies,and to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in the large rivers,it is required to deepen our understanding about the research status of the heavy metal pollution monitoring and control,and to find and propose workable solutions.This paper systematically summarizes the research advances in the analysis of soil heavy metals form,bioavailability analysis,ecological risk assessment,phytoremedation,phytoaccumulationg etc.,generalizes the analysis and evaluation methods used in these fields,and at last points out the important development orientation of the monitoring and control of heavy metals pollution from the macro scale,including strengthening the macro study of heavy metals pollution from the river,soil,vegetation and air systems,and constructing modern stereo monitoring system and eco-risk management system based on the heavy metals cycle and transfer model as well as the RS and GIS technology.