不同类型菜地土壤中3种磺胺类抗生素污染特征研究

目的]利用振荡、超声提取-液液萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测合肥市不同类型菜地土壤中3种磺胺类抗生素的含量,为土壤中磺胺类药物的检测提供依据。方法]土样采用0.1 mol/L NaOH和甲醇（5∶5）混合溶液提取,二氯甲烷液相萃取,采用高效液相色谱荧光检测器,以乙腈和含0.5%乙酸水溶液作为流动相,激发波长（Ex）为405 nm,发射波长（Em）为495 nm,对样品进行检测。结果]3种磺胺类抗生素在土壤中的检出限为2.5μg/kg;土壤样品中3种磺胺类抗生素添加浓度在2.5～50.0μg/kg,平均回收率为74.17%～104.35%,RSD均小于10%。所有土样中单种磺胺类抗生素检出率为16.67%～44.44%,平均含量为3.43～3.89μg/kg。结论]4类菜地土壤中3种SAs的含量顺序为：养鸡场附近菜地〉普通农家菜地〉有机蔬菜基地〉绿色蔬菜基地,表明土壤中磺胺类抗生素污染主要源自粪肥的施用。

Study on Pollution Characteristic of Three Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Different Soils of Vegetable Plot

Objective]The study aimed to detect three sulfonamides in different soils of vegetable plot in Hefei City by the oscillations,ultrasonic extraction-liquid extraction-HPLC fluorescence detector so as to provide the basis for the detection of sulfonamides in the soil.Method]The soil samples were firstly extracted by a 5∶ 5(V∶ V) mixture solution of methanol and 0.1 mol/L NaOH,then extracted by dichloromethane and finally the samples were detected by using HPLC fluorescence detector,with the acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid as the mobile phase,and Ex=405 nm,Em=495 nm as the detective wavelength.Result]The detection limit of 3 sulfonamides antibiotics in soils were 2.5 μg/kg.The average recoveries were 74.17%-104.35% and RSDs were lower than 10% for all the soil samples added with 2.5-50.0 μg/kg of sulfonamides.The detection limit of single sulfonamides antibiotic in all soil samples was 16.67%-44.44% and average content was 3.43-3.89 μg/kg.Conclusion]The SAs content order in 4 soils of vegetable plot was the vegetable land near the chicken farm>the vegetable land of ordinary farmhouse>organic green vegetable base>green vegetable base,showing that the pollution of sulfonamides antibiotics was mainly derived from the manure application.