不同农业措施对草莓连作土壤微生物群落特征的影响

目的]探讨不同农业措施对草莓连作土壤微生物区系、活性、功能多样性及酶活性的影响。方法]通过田间小区试验,利用土壤酶学方法、微生物培养方法和Biolog微生物自动分析系统,分析了土壤微生物群落特征。结果]与不施肥相比,莓-稻水旱轮作、米糠＋日晒和石灰氮均显著提高草莓连作土壤细菌所占比例、细菌/真菌、土壤微生物总数、AWCD、土壤脱氢酶活性、Shannon指数、Simp-son指数和Mcintosh指数;莓-稻水旱轮作和米糠＋日晒还能提高土壤脲酶活性。与习惯施肥相比,莓-稻水旱轮作、米糠＋日晒可显著提高草莓连作土壤AWCD、Mcintosh指数,莓-稻水旱轮作和米糠＋日晒分别显著提高土壤脲酶和脱氢酶的活性。主成分分析表明,莓-稻水旱轮作、米糠＋日晒和石灰氮条件下草莓连作土壤微生物群落碳源利用特征与习惯施肥及不施肥显著不同。结论]莓-稻水旱轮作和米糠＋日晒是控制草莓连作土壤生物退化的有效农业措施。

Effects of Different Agricultural Managements on Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community under Continuous Cropped Strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa Duchesne)

Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different agricultural managements on soil microbial population,activity,functional diversity and soil enzyme activity in continuous mono-cropping field of strawberry.Method] A field plot experiment was carried out to evaluate characteristics of soil microbial community by soil enzyme analysis,microbial cultivation and Biolog analysis.Result] The results showed that bacteria population proportion,the ration of bacteria to fungi,microorganism amount,AWCD,soil dehydrogenase activity,the Shannon,Simpson,and Mcintosh indices of soil microbial communities were obviously increased under strawberry-rice rotation,soil solarization with rice bran,and calcium cyanamide(CaCN2) treatments,in addition,soil urease activity was significantly increased under strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran treatment,when compared with no fertilization.When compared with conventional fertilization treatment,strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran both significantly increased AWCD and Mcintosh index of soil microbial communities,meanwhile respectively increased soil urease and dehydrogenase activity.PCA analyses suggested that carbon utilization of soil microbial communities under strawberry-rice rotation,soil solarization with rice bran,and calcium cyanamide treatment was obviously different from that of conventional fertilization and no fertilization treatment.Conclusion] Strawberry-rice rotation and soil solarization with rice bran were effective agricultural managements to control soil biological degradation under Continuous Cropped Strawberry.