温度对矿化垃圾生物反应床脱氮的影响研究

目的]研究温度对矿化垃圾生物反应床脱氮能力的影响,为实现反应床对氮污染物的经济、高效处理提供指导。方法]以埋龄为3年的矿化垃圾填充反应床,研究不同温度条件下反应床脱氮的效果和机理。结果]30℃时脱氮效果最佳,出水中TN浓度为19.31mg/L,NH3-N近乎被全部去除,满足GB16889-2008的特别排放限值,而10℃时脱氮效果最差,出水中TN浓度为59.62mg/L,NH3-N浓度为54.22mg/L,远超出GB16889-2008的排放浓度限值;矿化垃圾反应床脱氮过程主要由亚硝化菌、硝化菌、好氧反硝化菌和厌氧反硝化菌四大类菌群共同作用完成,床内亚硝化菌群和硝化菌群合适的生长温度范围为15～30℃,床内多数反硝化菌群最适生长温度范围为30～37℃。结论]温度对矿化垃圾生物反应床脱氮效果和其中的脱氮菌群影响显著,30℃为反应床运行的最佳温度。

Influence of Temperature on Nitrogen Removed from the Aged Refuse by Bioreactor

Objective] The guidance for the economic and high-efficiency treatment of nitrogen pollutants by bioreactors was provided through the research on the effect of temperature on nitrogen removed from the aged refuse. Method] The effect and mechanism of the nitrogen removal of 3 year-old aged refuse by bioreactor under the different temperatures was studied. Results] The results showed that at 30 ℃, NH_3-N(ammonia nitrogen) in effluent water was nearly completely removed and the concentration of TN in effluent water was 19.31 mg/L, which met the special emission limits required in GB16889-2008; while at 10 ℃, the effect was worst with the concentration of TN and NH_3-N in effluent water was 59.62 mg/L and 54.22 mg/L, respectively, largely beyond the standard of GB16889-2008. The processes of nitrogen removal in the bioreactor was mainly accomplished by nitrosification bacteria, nitrification bacteria, aerobic denitrification bacteria and anaerobic denitrification bacteria, together. Appropriate temperature for the Nitrosobacteria and Nitrobacteria was 15-30 ℃ and fittest temperature for most of the denitrifying bacteria was 30-37 ℃. Conclusion] The temperature significantly affected the efficiency and process of nitrogen removal and 30 ℃ was the best temperature for bioreactor operation.