粮草兼用型莜麦新品种“远杂一号”的选育·特征特性·栽培技术

目的]选育适宜旱地条件下种植的抗旱耐瘠、大粒、丰产优质、多用途的莜麦(Avena sativa)品种,为搞好莜麦加工开发、实现产业化提供保障。方法]采用四×六倍体种间杂交与核不育育种相结合的方法,育成了莜麦新品种"远杂一号"(系谱号为H44),并探讨其生产潜力和推广价值。结果]"远杂一号"千粒重24.8 g(23.5～26.1 g),生育期104 d(101～111 d),属晚熟品种,株高为128.3 cm(126.4～131.7 cm),粗蛋白含量为16.74%,粗脂肪含量为7.51%;一般旱地种植籽实产量为2 969.80 kg/hm2,比同类主栽品种品冀张莜6号增产21.44%,秸草产量(干草)3 688.5 kg/hm2,比冀张莜6号增产25.80%。结论]"远杂一号"适宜在中等肥力地块种植,也可作为饲草刈青用品种。

Breeding, Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of New Oat Variety ‘Yuanza No.1’ (Avena sativa) for Grain and Forage Production

Objective] The purpose was to breed salt and drought resistance multipurpose oat variety with big grain,high yield and good quality and which was suitable for planting in dry land,and provide a safeguard for making a good job of its process and development and realizing industrialization.Method] Using tetraploid × hexaploid interspecific hybridization and nuclear combination of infertile breeding,a new oat variety ’Yuanza No.1’ were bred(pedigree No.H44),and then its production potential and popularization value were discussed.Result] ’Yuanza No.1’s 1 000-kernel weight was 24.8 g(23.5-26.1 g),growth period was 104 days(101-111 days).It was a late-maturing variety and its plant height was 128.3 cm(126.4-131.7 cm).Its crude protein content was 16.74%,and crude lipid content was 7.51%.When planting in general dryland,its seed yield was 2 969.80 kg/hm2 and more 21.44% than the similar main cultivar Jizhangyou No.6,and its dry straw grass yield was 3 688.5 kg/hm2 and more 25.80% than Jizhangyou No.6.Conclusion]’Yuanza No.1’ is suitable for planting in the medium-fertility plots,can also be used as forage variety.