4种红树植物提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

目的]探讨4种红树植物无瓣海桑、海桑、黄槿和银叶树提取物对6种常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性。方法]微波提取法制备植物茎和叶的水提物和醇提物,用纸片扩散法和微孔板2倍稀释法测定了各提取液对各受试菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果]4种红树植物的提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用无特异性;水提物和醇提物对受试菌株的抑菌谱不一致。4种植物茎和叶的水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌和杀菌作用,MIC和MBC在2.0～15.6 mg/ml之间。银叶树的叶水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌和杀菌活性,但对副伤寒沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽胞杆菌有抑菌而无杀菌作用。结论]银叶树可作为抗菌药物的原植物进行开发利用。

Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Four Mangrove Species in vitro

Objective]To investigate the antibacterial activities in vitro of extracts from 4 mangroves including Sonneratia apetala,Sonneratia caseolaris,Heritiera littoralis and Hibiscus tiliscus to six species of common pathogenic bacteria.Method] The water extracts and ethanol extracts from leaves and stems of the plants were prepared by microwave extraction method.The inhibition zone,minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) were determined by disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method.Result] The results showed that all extracts of 4 mangroves had no bacteriostatic specificity to the gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.Antibacterial spectrum between water extracts and alcohol extracts against 6 testing bacteria was inconsistent.All of water extracts from four kinds of mangroves had good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on Staphlococcus aureus(for the MIC and MBC ranging in 2-15.6 mg/ml).Water extract from leaves of Heritiera littoralis had bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on Staphyloccocus aureus and Staphyloccocus epidermidis,with bacteriostatic but no bactericidal effect on Salmonella paratyphiod,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.Conclusion] Heritiera littoralis was the speices of worth developing and utilizing for an antibacterial drug.