温度·湿度对贮藏片烟霉菌影响的研究

研究了储藏片烟霉菌的营养生长、分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长的温湿度范围,并在液体培养基中测定了温度对菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:菌丝体营养生长的温度范围为10～35℃;20～30℃范围有利于分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长,芽管伸长以30℃最佳,而葡枝根霉为25～40℃,且分生孢子萌发以35℃最佳。液体培养中,曲霉菌和青霉菌温度为25℃时菌丝生长量最大,毛霉菌和根霉菌分别为10℃和35℃。曲霉菌在相对湿度为70%～75%时菌丝生长速率最大,而青霉菌和毛霉菌在相对湿度为90%,葡枝根霉菌为85%。分生孢子的萌发对湿度要求严格,在相对湿度>60%时霉菌孢子才能萌发,且在自由水和有水膜的情况下,萌发的更好。

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Mildew Growth in Stored Tobacco

The effect of temperature and humidity on the growing rate of mildew hyphal,conidia germination and germ tube elongation in stored tobacco was studied.The results reported was as follows: in the temperature from 10 ℃ to 35 ℃ the hyphal could survive.The temperature from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ was beneficial for conidia germination and germ tube elongation.The germ tube grew at 30 ℃ more than that of other temperatures.Rhizopus growth was in 25 ℃ to 40 ℃ and conidia germination was optimum at 35 ℃.While mildew was incubated in the liquid culture medium at 25 ℃,the dry weight of Aspergillus and Penicillum hyphal was heaviest and in the range from 10℃ and 35 ℃ Mucor and Rhizopus hyphal dry weight was the heaviest,respectively.When the relative humidity was at 70 %～75 %,the hyphal grew the best;but Penicillum and Mucor at 90 % and Rhizopus at 85 %.Conidia germination requested high humidity condition,when the relative humidity was more than 60 %,conidia germinated better in free water than in water film.