基于PSR模型的旅游生态系统健康评价——以南京玄武湖风景区为例

针对旅游生态系统特点,以生态系统健康理论为基础,以"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)为指标框架,结合信息熵理论、专家评判系统与模糊综合评价方法,建立了旅游生态系统健康评价模型,将生态系统健康程度划分为健康、较健康、亚健康、不健康和病态5个级别,作为评价依据。实证研究以玄武湖风景区为评价单元,提取其压力、状态、响应指标信息,同时整合社会经济统计、问卷调查等多源数据,通过指标权重分析,识别出游客量、游客增长率等影响玄武湖生态系统健康的主要因子,并对玄武湖风景区生态系统健康状况进行分析、评价。研究结果显示,2007～2009年玄武湖风景区生态系统的综合健康度分别为0.60、0.61、0.63。可见,该旅游生态系统已由"亚健康"过渡为"较健康",综合健康指数正逐步提高。

Evaluation on the Health of Tourism Ecosystem Based on PSR Model

Aiming at the characteristics of tourism ecosystem and based on the ecosystem health theory,taking the "Pressure-State-Response"(PSR) as index framework,a health evaluation model of tourism ecosystem was established by combining the information entropy theory,the expert evaluation system and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The model divided the health state of the ecosystem into five levels of healthy,more healthy,sub-healthy,unhealthy and morbid as the basis for the evaluation of tourism ecosystem health.The paper extracted the information of ecosystem pressure,state,response index from the subject of the Xuanwu Lake scenic spot.With the integration of social and economic statistics,surveys and other data from multiple sources,and through the analysis of index weight,this paper also identified the number and the growth rate of tourists and other main factors that affected the health of Xuanwu Lake ecosystem,analyzed and evaluated the health state of Xuanwu Lake scenic spot ecosystem.The results showed that the overall health indexes were 0.60,0.61 and 0.63 during 2007-2009,respectively.Clearly,the tourism ecosystem had been turning from "sub-healthy" to "more healthy",and the health state of Xuanwu Lake scenic spot was gradually optimizing and improving.