不同灌溉方式节水控盐效果及对枸杞产量的影响

目的]为节约水资源,提高灌溉水的利用效率以及预防灌溉引起的土壤盐碱化问题提供参考。方法]采用滴灌、沟灌、漫灌3种灌溉方式对宁夏银北盐碱地区枸杞进行灌水处理,探索各处理土壤含水量、全盐、产量变化以及水分生产效率高低。结果]枸杞萌芽前,漫灌0～100 cm平均土壤含水量最大,沟灌次之,滴灌略低;土壤pH沟灌>滴灌>漫灌;土壤全盐漫灌>滴灌>沟灌。随着枸杞的生长发育以及灌水的实施,秋果采摘后,滴灌0～100 cm平均土壤含水量最大,沟灌次之,漫灌最低;土壤pH仍表现为沟灌>滴灌>漫灌;滴灌表层0～20 cm出现盐分表聚现象,20 cm以下漫灌土壤全盐含量最大,滴灌次之,沟灌最低。沟灌产量最高,其次为滴灌,漫灌虽灌水量大,但水分利用率最低,枸杞产量最低。结论]在盐碱地栽植枸杞实行沟灌、滴灌灌溉方式在节水控盐的同时,还可以提高枸杞产量,是经济、高效、可行的灌溉方式。

Influence of Different Irrigation Methods on Water-saving and Salt-controlling and Yield of Chinese Wolfberry

Objective] The study provide the reference for saving the water resource,improving the irrigation water use efficiency and preventing the irrigation-induced soil salinization.Method] 3 irrigation methods of the drip irrigation,furrow irrigation and flood irrigation were used to make the irrigation treatments on the Chinese wolfberry in saline areas of North Yinchuan,Ningxia,so as to explore the changes of the soil water content and total salt,the yield of Chinese wolfberry and the level of water production efficiency in each treatment.Result] Before the budding of Chinese wolfberry,the average soil water content in 0-100 cm layer by the flood irrigation was the highest,that by the furrow irrigation was next and that by the drip irrigation was slightly lower;the soil pH was in order of the furrow irrigation > drip irrigation > flood irrigation;the soil total salt was in order of flood irrigation> drip irrigation> furrow irrigation.With the growth of Chinese wolfberry and implementation of irrigation,after the picking of fall fruits,the average soil water content in 0-100 cm layer by the drip irrigation was the highest,that by the furrow irrigation was next and that by the flood irrigation was the lowest;the soil pH was still in order of furrow irrigation > drip irrigation > flood irrigation;the soil surface(0-20 cm) by the drip irrigation occurred the phenomenon of the salt accumulation,the soil total salt in the depth of below 20 cm by the flood irrigation was the highest,that by the drip irrigation was next and that by the furrow irrigation was the lowest.The yield by the furrow irrigation was highest and that by the drip irrigation was next.Although the water quantity of the flood irrigation was largest,but its level of water production efficiency was the lowest and the yield of Chinese wolfberry was also the lowest.Conclusion] The implementation of the furrow irrigation and drip irrigation methods in saline area planting wolfberry could not only save water and control salt,but also improve the yield of Chinese wolfberry,which were the economic,efficient and viable irrigation methods.