黄冠梨果实花斑病与果实钙·氮含量的关系及防治方法研究

目的]为防治黄冠梨花斑病提供理论依据。方法]按照4种肥料的推荐剂量喷施黄冠梨,以清水为对照,测量喷肥前后果皮、果肉中的钙含量和氮含量,调查喷肥前后病情。结果]黄冠梨健康果实、果皮和果肉中的钙含量较高,氮含量较低,感病果实刚好相反。不同级别黄冠梨感病果实、果皮和果肉中的钙含量、氮含量差异显著。黄冠梨发病情况与果皮和果肉中的钙含量呈现明显的负相关,与氮含量呈现明显的正相关。喷施钙肥后,果肉中的钙含量差异极显著;果皮中的钙含量以喷施30%腐殖酸钙最高。喷施0.3%CaCl2、4%氨基酸钙、30%腐殖酸钙和28%Ca2000钙宝30d后,病情指数明显降低,依次为58.75%、62.66%、65.18%和58.08%。结论]黄冠梨的花斑病是与果实中钙的缺乏和氮的过剩有关。

Study on Relationship between Mosaic of Huangguan Pear and the Contents of Ca and N in Fruit and Its Control Method

Objective] The study aimed to provide a theoretical base for controlling the mosaic of Huangguan pear.Method] Huangguan pear was sprayed according to recommended dose of the 4 fertilizers with clear water as CK.The contents of Ca and N in peel and pulp were measured and the diseased state of the mosaic was investigated before and after spraying fertilizers.Result] The content of Ca was higher but N was lower in peel and pulp of healthy fruit of Huangguan pear,which was opposite in diseased fruit.The content of Ca and N in diseased fruit,peel and pulp of Huangguan pear with different grades were significantly different.The incidence was evidently negative and positive correlation with the content of Ca and N in peel and pulp.After spraying different Ca fertilizers,the contents of Ca in pulps had extremely significant difference.The content of Ca in peel of Huangguan pear sprayed by 30% calcium humate was highest.The disease index was decreased obviously,being 58.75%,62.66%,65.18% and 58.08% after spraying 0.3% CaCl2,4% amino acid calcium,30% calcium humate and 28%Ca2000 Ganbao for 30 d.Conclusion] Mosaic of huangguan pear was relevant with the lack of Ca and the excess of N in fruits.