液氮超低温保存对小麦种子发芽力与活力的影响

目的]研究液氮超低温保存对小麦种子发芽力与活力的影响,为小麦种质资源超低温贮藏提供理论依据。方法]选用收获后自然干燥的郑麦9023、皖麦48、扬麦158和安农1032（糯小麦）4个小麦品种种子,分别密封于塑料冷冻管中,放入液氮罐中保存7 d,取出后常温解冻24 h,采用幼苗生长测定、冷浸试验、电导率测定和模拟田间出苗率测定等方法,测定种子的各项活力指标。结果]起始发芽率为87.7%~97.3%的小麦种子,液氮保存7 d后,其幼苗生长测定发芽率为82.0%~94.0%,冷浸试验发芽率为79.3%~98.0%,模拟田间出苗率为43.7%~58.0%。结论]初步认为小麦种子可以进行液氮超低温保存。

Effect of Cryopreservation in Liquid Nitrogen on Germinability and Vigor of Wheat Seeds

Object] The paper was to study the effect of cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen on germinability and vigor of wheat seeds,in order to provide the theoretical basis for the cryopreservation of wheat germplasm resources.Method]The seeds of four wheat varieties including Zhengmai 9023,Wanmai 48,Yangmai 158 and Annong 1032(waxy wheat)naturally dried after harvest were selected and sealed in plastic frozen pipes,then cryopreservated in liquid nitrogen for 7 d.Subsequently,the seeds were taken out and thawed slowly in room temperature for 24 h.Seedling growth test,cold soaking test,electrical conductivity test and simulated field germination test were carried out to determine the vitality indexes of wheat seeds.Result]After storage in liquid nitrogen for 7 d,the wheat seeds with the initial germination rate of 79.3%-97.3% still had the germination rate of 82.0%-94.0%,79.3%-98.0% and 43.7%-58.0% in seedling growth test,cold soaking test and simulated field germination test,respectively.Conclusion]The experiment indicated that wheat seeds could be cryopreservated in liquid nitrogen.