不同氮钾用量对旱地春油菜生长发育的影响及肥料效应的研究

目的]确定青海省东部农业区春油菜的最佳氮、钾肥配比,为春油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。方法]以青杂305为供试品种,施肥方案采用＂3414＂不完全设计,包含氮、磷、钾3个因素,氮、钾肥各设4个水平,磷肥设1个水平,共9个处理。结果]各施肥处理中,处理N2P2K1（N 133.80 kg/hm2、K2O 101 kg/hm2）春油菜产量最高,为5 780.67 kg/hm2;其次是处理N2P2K2（N 133.80 kg/hm2、K2O201.00 kg/hm2）,产量为5 669.50 kg/hm2。通过＂3414＂肥效试验,获得该地区春油菜肥效回归方程,得出理论氮、钾最佳施肥量,即纯N170.71 kg/hm2,K2O 88.14 kg/hm2,总施肥量258.85 kg/hm2,最佳产量为5 746.59 kg/hm2。试验区土壤氮素含量为中肥力水平,土壤钾含量为高肥力水平。氮肥农学利用率在处理N2P2K2下达到最大值;钾肥农学利用率在处理N2P2K1下达到最大值。在处理N2P2K1下获得的纯收入最高,为24 210.95元/hm2。结论]综合分析不同施肥方法的推荐施肥量,并结合青海东部农业生产实际,建议氮、钾的施肥量分别为N 170.00 kg/hm2、K2O 85.00 kg/hm2。

Study on Growth and Fertilizer Effect of Spring Rapeseed under Different N,K Fertilizer Amount

Objective]The study aimed to confirm the optimum ratio of N,K for spring rapeseed in research area in eastern Qinghai Province and provide the scientific basis for formula fertilization of spring rapeseed.Method] With Qingza 305 as the research variety,9 treatments of formula fertilization with 3 factors,N,K had 4 levels and P had only 1 level which were set up by using not completely "3414" regress design to conduct the experiment of N,K for spring rapeseed.Result] Among different treatments of formula fertilization,N2P2K1(N 133.80 kg/hm2,K2O 101 kg/hm2) treatment had the highest yield of 5 780.67 kg/hm2,the next was N2P2K2(N 133.80 kg/hm2,K2O 201.00 kg/hm2) treatment with yield of 5 669.50 kg/hm2.Through the fertilizer effect of "3414"experimentation,the fertilizer function equation for spring rapeseed obtained and according to this mathematical model,the best N,K fertilizer amount on the theory was gained as N 170.71 kg/hm2,K2O 88.14 kg/hm2,total amount was 258.85 kg/hm2 with the highest yield of 5 746.59 kg/hm2.N content in experimental area was at middle level,and K content in soil was at high level.N agronomic efficiency of N2P2K2 treatment was the highest.K agronomic efficiency of N2P2K1treatment was the highest.Spring rapeseed pure income was the highest of N2P2K1 treatment,which reached 24 210.95 yuan/hm2.Conclusion]Comprehensively analyzing the fertilizer recommendation with different fertilization methods,and combining the actual agricultural production in eastern Qinghai Province,it was suggested that the recommended fertilizer amount were N 170.00 kg/hm2,K2O 85.00 kg/hm2.