弱筋小麦扬麦13号产量及品质的影响因素研究

目的]为进一步开展弱筋小麦优质高产栽培技术研究及其大面积生产应用提供理论依据和技术参考。方法]通过田间试验研究了不同基本苗和施氮量对扬麦13号产量及主要品质变化的影响。结果]相同施氮水平下,在180万～270万苗/hm2范围内增加基本苗,单位面积穗数显著提高,每穗粒数和千粒重显著下降;单位面积产量呈“低-高-低”趋势,210万/hm2基本苗处理产量最高。在相同基本苗不同施氮量条件下,单位面积产量、穗数、每穗粒数显著增加,千粒重显著降低;单位面积茎蘖数显著提高,茎蘖成穗率显著降低;面团稳定时间、形成时间延长,弱化度显著降低,评价值提高。结论]从产量角度来看,扬麦13号以基本苗210万～240万/hm2,施氮240～300kg/hm2较为适宜。基本苗对籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量及粉质参数的影响甚微。

Effects of Basic Seedling and Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Yield and Quality of Weak Gluten Wheat Variety Yangmai 13

Objective The study aimed to supply theoretical basis and technical reference for further development of study on cultivation technique for high yield and good quality in weak gluten wheat and its application in large area production.Method Effects of different basic seedlings and nitrogen fertilization rate on changes of yield and main quality of weak gluten wheat variety Yangmai 13 were studied through field experiment.Result With the same nitrogen level,spike number per unit increased,grain number per spike and thousand seeds weight decreased significantly when the basic seedlings increased from 180×104 plants/hm2 to 270 × 104 plants/hm2.Yield per unit area showed "low-high-low" trend and was highest in treatment with basic seedlings of 210 ×104 plants/hm2.Under the condition of same basic seedlings and different nitrogen amount,the yield per unit area,spike number,grains per spike,tiller number per unit area increased significantly,thousand seeds weight and tiller earbearing percentage decreased significantly,dough stabilization and development time were prolonged,dough softening degree decreased significantly and the evaluation value increased.Conclusion Plant density from 210 ×104 plants /hm2 to 240 ×104 plants /hm2 and nitrogen fertilization rate in 240~300 kg/hm2 were better for the yield.Basic seedlings had little effect on grain protein,damp wheat gluten content and farinogram.