河南省清丰县玉米测土配方施肥项目生命周期评价

目的]为改善测土配方施肥项目环境效益和进行农田最佳耕作管理措施设计提供科学依据。方法]以河南省清丰县玉米为例,把玉米生命周期分为原料、农资、种植和运输4个子系统,以单位产量为评价功能单元,对习惯施肥区、项目示范区和项目推广区玉米生命周期的资源消耗与污染物排放进行了清单分析和影响评价。结果]通过测土配方施肥的示范和推广,减少了化肥投入量,尤其是氮肥使用量的减少和利用效率的增加显著减少了玉米生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放量。3个分区中,富营养化均为首要的影响类型,其次是环境酸化、温室效应、能源耗竭和农用地占用。富营养化的主要污染物来源于种植子系统排放的NO3--N和NH3。结论]提高农田氮素利用效率是控制玉米生命周期环境影响和改善测土配方施肥项目环境效益的关键环节。

Assessment of the Life Cycle of the Fertilization for Corn Based on the Soil-testing Project in Qingfeng County

Objective] The best scientific evidence for the improvement of the environmental efficiency of the project of fertilization for corn based on the soil-testing and the design of the best cultivation measure of the farmland management was provided.Method] The resource consumption and pollutant emission in corn life cycle,which was divided into four sub-systems:raw material,agricultural material,plantation and transportation,in the normal fertilization,demonstration and extension area of the project in the Qingfeng county of Henan was analyzed and assessed based on the yield being taken as function unit.Results] The fertilization,particularly in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,was reduced through the implementation of the demonstration and extension project and the resource consumption and pollutant emission in corn life cycle were significantly reduced because of high-efficiency utilization of fertilizer.In three area,the impact of eutrophication was the most important effective factor,then the environmental acidification,the global warming,the energy depletion and farmland occupied.The major reason resulting in the eutrophication was the NO3——N and NH3 emitted from the pollutants from the planting subsystem.Conclusion] The improvement of nitrogen-using efficiency was the key linkage of the control of the impact of corn life cycle on environment and the improvement of the environmental benefit through the fertilization for corn based on the soil-testing.