珠峰自然保护区的气象要素变化特征分析

目的]分析珠峰自然保护区的气象要素变化特征。方法]利用定日站和聂拉木站地面观测资料,对珠峰自然保护区内的气温、地温、蒸发量、降水量和积雪深度进行分析。结果]20世纪60年代中期以来,定日和聂拉木年平均气温呈上升趋势,定日尤为明显。1986～2010年平均地温也呈上升趋势,聂拉木更为突出,近25年以0.9℃/10 a的速率上升。冷暖季平均气温均呈上升趋势,但冷季平均温度上升的速率高于暖季。年平均降水量和蒸发量呈现地域差异性,定日站降水量和蒸发量从80年代初开始均呈增加趋势,而聂拉木站从80年代末年平均降水量和蒸发量均略有减少。两站的年积雪总量均呈减少趋势,而聂拉木积雪总量变化幅度较大,60～80年代末积雪总量增大,但90年代开始减少。结论]该研究为珠峰自然保护区生态环境的保护提供了科学依据。

Analysis on the Changing Characteristics of Meteorological Elements in Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve

Objective] The study aimed at analysing the changing characteristics of meteorological elements in Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve.Method] Based on the ground observation data of Nyalam and Tingri station in Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve,temperature,ground temperature,evaporation,precipitation and snow depth were analyzed.Result] The annual average temperature of Nyalam and Tingri tended to increase since the 1960s,especially Tingri station.The annual mean ground temperature also increased since observational data was available in 1986,and was more prominent in Nyalam station,with growth rate of 0.9 ℃/10 a during recent 25 years.The average temperature in cold and warm season showed increasing trend,but the average temperature in cold season rose more fastly than that of warm season.There was a regional difference in annual average precipitation and evaporation.That is,the annual average precipitation and evaporation of Tingri station enhanced since the early 1980s,but those of Nyalam station slightly decreased since the late 1980s.Annual snow depth of the two stations showed decreasing trend,but the variation of snow depth in Nyalam station was larger,that is,the snow depth increased from the 1960s to late 1980s,while decreased since the 1990s.Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the protection of ecological environment in Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve in future.