1956～2007年河北地区气候变化时空特征研究

目的]研究1956～2007年河北地区气候变化时空特征。方法]选取河北地区(包括京津)均匀分布的23个气象站点1956～2007年数据,采用统计分析方法,对该地区气温、降水等主要气象要素的时空变化特征进行分析,探讨该地区52年来的气候变化事实和演变规律。结果]1956～2007年河北地区年和四季气温均表现为波动上升趋势,冬季增温幅度最大,对该地区年气温的上升贡献率最大;全区气温均为升高趋势,其变化差异具有规律性。年和四季降水量的波动幅度均较大,且呈现不同的线性变化趋势,年降水量总体呈波动减少的趋势;降水量变化的空间差异性较显著,全区降水量均呈减少趋势,且其减少幅度由东北到西南基本呈现低—高—低的形态。全区潜在蒸发量20世纪60年代达到最大,之后其并没有随着升温而继续增大,相反的是呈明显下降趋势;各季节潜在蒸发量也呈下降趋势;全区除丰宁、蔚县等个别站蒸发量呈微弱上升趋势外,其余站均为下降趋势。相对湿度的变化趋势总体为缓慢减小;全区相对湿度仅有承德、秦皇岛、南宫等站呈上升趋势,其他站均呈减少趋势。日照时数具有明显的下降趋势。结论]该研究为实现区域的可持续发展、改善生态环境和提高人民生活质量提供科学依据。

Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Climate Variation in Hebei Area during 1956-2007

Objective] The research aimed to study temporal and spatial characteristics of climate variation in Hebei area during 1956-2007.Method] Based on the data from 23 weather stations evenly distributed over Hebei area(included Beijing and Tianjin) during 1956-2007,by using statistical analytic method,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of main meteorological factors(temperature and precipitation,etc.) in the area were analyzed.The variation fact and evolution rule of climate in the area in 52 years were discussed.Result] In Hebei area during 1956-2007,the annual and four-season temperatures both presented fluctuation rise trend.The temperature increment in winter was the maximum,contributing the most to the annual temperature elevation in this area.The temperatures in the whole district all presented rise trend,and the variation difference had regularity.The annual and four-season rainfalls both had large fluctuation amplitudes,following different linear variation trends.The annual rainfall overall presented fluctuation decrease trend.The spatial difference of rainfall variation was significant.The rainfalls in the whole district all presented decrease trend.The decrease amplitude presented low-high-low pattern from the northeast to the southwest.The potential evaporation over the whole district was the highest in the 1960s,and decreased ever since instead of increasing with the temperature.The potential evaporation of each season also presented decline trend.Except in Fengning,Weixian and so on,the evaporation of other stations in the whole district all presented decline trend.The relative humidity slightly decreased with time,with the exception of Chengde,Qinhuangdao and Nangong.The sunshine hours had a clear decrease trend.Conclusion] The research provided scientific basis for realizing regional sustainable development,improving ecological environment and improving people’s quality of life.