中国与东盟国家玉米杂交种产量及果穗性状比较研究

2007～2010年,以简比法和完全随机区组法相结合,在广西南宁对113个中国玉米新品种、77个东盟国家玉米新品种进行品种比较试验。结果表明:中国玉米品种春播平均产量比东盟品种高,但秋播比东盟玉米品种低;中国玉米品种春秋播产量间差异较大,而东盟品种春秋播产量间差异较小。大多数试验季节,产量表现最高的品种为中国品种。所有试验季节,中国玉米品种产量表现最低品种的产量均低于东盟玉米产量表现最低品种的产量。中国玉米品种果穗平均长度略长于东盟品种,但秃尖明显长于东盟品种,行粒数少于东盟品种。中国玉米品种春播的穗粗比东盟品种略粗,但秋播略细于东盟品种。多数试验季节中,中国玉米品种的穗行数比东盟品种的穗行数多,而东盟品种的穗行数在14行/穗的平稳线上略有变化。中国玉米品种出籽率变化较大,而东盟品种稳定在85%～86%。中国玉米品种和东盟玉米品种的容重均在800 g/L上下波动;多数试验季节,中国玉米品种的千粒重略高于东盟品种。中国玉米在今后育种过程中除关注品种的产量潜力外,还要侧重秃尖长度及行粒数、出籽率、穗行数等综合性状的选择。

Comparison between Grain Yields and Ear Traits of Maize Hybrids from China and Some ASEAN Countries

113 maize hybrids from China(mainly from southern China),and 77 maize hybrids from Vietnam,Thailand,Indonesia and India were evaluated with simple comparison method or complete randomized block design from 2007 to 2010 in Nanning,Guangxi.Average grain yield of the maize hybrids from China was higher than that of ASEAN countries tested in spring seasons,but lower than that in autumn seasons.The grain yield difference between spring-and autumn-planting seasons of the maize hybrids from China was more variable than that of the maize hybrids from ASEAN countries.In most of the testing seasons,the maize hybrid producing highest yield within testing season was from China.But in all testing seasons,the maize hybrid with the lowest yield performed was all from China.The average ear length within trial season of the China maize hybrids was longer than that of the ASEAN countries maize hybrids in all trial seasons,but the average tip length was longer and kernel number per row was less than that of the maize varieties from ASEAN countries.Mean ear diameter of the hybrids developed by China was larger than that of the hybrids developed by ASEAN countries across spring-planting seasons,but smaller than that of the hybrids from ASEAN countries across autumn-sowing seasons.In most of the testing-season,the average ear row number of the varieties from China was more than that of the maize varieties from ASEAN countries,the average ear row number of the varieties from ASEAN countries maintained more or less at 14 rows /per ear.Average shelling percentage of China’s maize entries was more variable than that of ASEAN countries’ entries.The average shelling percentage of the maize varieties tested from ASEAN countries changed little between 85 to 86 %.There was no difference in volume weight between the testing maize hybrid form China and the ASEAN countries,which fluctuated around 800 g/L.Average 1000-kernel weight of the testing maize hybrids from China was little heavier than that of the maize varieties from ASEAN countries in most of the trial cycles.Except for yield potentials,the combining traits such us short tip length,more kernel number per row,high shelling percentage and stable ear row number should be paid more attention to in maize breeding in China in future.