江西省水稻产业发展现状与对策

【目的】分析江西省水稻产业的发展现状及存在问题,为提高江西省水稻产业综合生产能力及提升产业竞争力提供理论参考。【方法】通过实地调查和文献资料研究,了解江西省水稻生产、区域分布及种植收益情况,分析其水稻产业发展存在的问题,有针对性地提出产业发展的对策建议。【结果】江西水稻生产历史悠久,2014年水稻播种面积居全国第2位,总产量居全国第3位,人均占有量居全国第2位;2004~2014年江西省水稻播种面积基本上保持稳步增长态势;划为双季稻种植区和单、双稻混作区两大类型、10个主区,其中,赣北丘陵平原双季稻区种植面积最大(32.77%);江西省稻谷总产值呈逐年增加趋势,但其在农业总产值中的比重有所波动,水稻生产在全省粮食生产中具有举足轻重的地位。目前,江西省水稻产业发展中存在区域发展不均衡、单产较低;缺少大面积推广应用的优质品种;水稻生产的基础条件薄弱;产业化水平低、延伸产品少、品牌效应不强;农民种植水稻积极性不高等问题。【建议】通过提升水稻品种竞争力,提升水稻生产要素竞争力,提升政策竞争力,提升科技竞争力,大力推进产业化经营,打造江西省稻米区域品牌,以促进江西水稻产业可持续发展。

Current situation and countermeasures of rice industrial development in Jiangxi province

Objective]The present study analyzed current situation and existing problems of rice industry in Jiangxi province,in order to provide theoretical references for improving comprehensive rice production capacity and enhancing rice industrial competitiveness in Jiangxi province.Method]Through field investigation and document literature research,rice production,regional distribution,and planting income in Jiangxi were studied.The paper analyzed the existing problems in rice industry development in Jiangxi,and pointedly put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the development of rice industry.Result]Rice planting in Jiangxi had a long history.In 2014,rice sowing area ranked the second in China,and total rice output ranked the third in China,per capita yield was the second nationwide.During 2004 and 2014,rice planting area in Jiangxi increased steadily.Rice planting in Jiangxi included double cropping rice type and single cropping-double cropping rice type,and the rice-planting area was divided into 10 main regions.Double-cropping rice planting region in hilly and plain areas of northern Jiangxi was the largest planting area(32.77％).Total rice output value of Jiangxi increased year by year,but its proportion in total agricultural output value was fluctuant.Rice production had a decisive position in grain production in the whole province.At present,the following problems existed in the development of Jiangxi rice industry:unbalanced regional development,low yield per unit area;lack of high-quality varieties which can be promoted in large area;weak basic conditions for rice production;low level of industrialization,few extended products,weak brand effect;low enthusiasm of farmers in rice planting.Suggestion] Following suggestions are proposed in order to promote the sustainable development of Jiangxi rice industry:improving competitiveness of rice varieties;increasing competitiveness of rice production factors;promoting policy support;enhancing science and technology;promoting industrialized operation;building regional brands of Jiangxi rice.