糖厂滤泥发酵制成生物有机肥

目的]掌握采用糖厂滤泥经功能菌发酵制成生物有机肥的特点和规律,为促进广西蔗区糖料蔗产业可持续生产提供技术支持,同时为政府制定农业种植环境保护相关政策提供决策参考.方法]在广西重要蔗糖生产区(来宾市兴宾区和崇左市大新县)开展以糖厂滤泥为原料、发酵生产生物有机肥的田间试验,研究糖厂滤泥发酵生产生物有机肥的特征及肥效.结果]采用功能菌发酵糖厂滤泥生产生物有机肥的腐熟速度快,受环境因素影响较小,发酵效果稳定,发酵温度最高达77.2℃,且70.0~77.2℃的维持时间长达12 d;发酵后的有机质含量和有机酸转化率优势明显,分别较传统(自然)发酵提高30.2%和12.3%(绝对值).功能菌发酵生物有机肥对水稻、黄瓜和甘蔗有明显的增产作用,对应的平均产量分别为5971.5、76705.5和118780.5 kg/ha,较施等量传统(自然)发酵生物有机肥处理分别增产7.83%、41.19%和6.91%.施用功能菌发酵生物有机肥的土壤理化性状指标均高于施用传统(自然)发酵生物有机肥处理,其中土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量分别为15.75 g/kg、67 mg/kg、14 mg/kg和69 mg/kg,而氮、磷和钾利用率分别为39.3%、12.8%和52.8%.结论]采用功能菌发酵糖厂滤泥生产生物有机肥较传统(自然)发酵糖厂滤泥生产生物有机肥更具优势,具体表现为腐熟速度快、发酵温度高且保持时间长、发酵后有机质含量和有机酸转化率优势明显,同时具有增产、提高土壤肥力和肥料利用率的作用,生产上可大面积推广应用.

Bio-organic fertilizer made through fermentation of filter mud from sugar refinery

Objective]The present study investigated characteristics and regulation of bio-organic fertilizer made by fermentation of filter mud from sugar refinery, in order to provide technical support for sustainable development of sugar-cane industry in Guangxi sugarcane planting area and offer reference for government to formulate agricultural planting and environmental protection policies. Method]Field trial was conducted in important sugarcane planting area in Guangxi (Xingbin district in Laibin city, Daxin county in Chongzuo city) . Filter mud from sugar refinery was taken as raw materials and fermented into bio-organic fertilizer. Characteristics and fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer were studied.Result]Bio-organic fertilizer fermented via functional bacteria rotted rapidly, hardly affected by environmental factors. Fermentation effects were stable, fermentation temperature could reach 77.2 ℃, and the temperature maintaining at 70.0-77.2 ℃ for 12 days. Organic matter content and organic acid conversion rate after fermented were 30.2% and 12.3%(abso-lute value) higher than those in traditional(natural) mode. Bio-organic fertilizer fermented via functional bacteria could im-prove yield of rice, cucumber and sugarcane greatly. Average yield of rice was 5971.5 kg/ha, an increase of 7.83% com-pared with the rice applied with bio-organic fertilizer fermented in traditional(natural) mode; average yield of cucumber was 76705.5 kg/ha, an increase of 41.18%, average yield of sugarcane was 118780.5 kg/ha, an increase of 6.91%.After application of bio-organic fertilizer fermented via functional bacteria, physical and chemical properties of soil were superior than those applied with bio-organic fertilizer fermented in traditional(natural) mode. In the soil, organic matter content was 15.75 g/kg, available nitrogen content 67 mg/kg, available phosphorus content 14 mg/kg, available potassium content 69 mg/kg. Utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 39.3% , 12.8% and 52.8% , respectively.Conclusion]Bio-organic fertilizer fermented via functional bacteria using filter mud from sugar refinery is better than fer-mentation in traditional(natural) mode. The advantages include rapid rotting speed, high fermentation temperature and long duration, superior organic matter content and organic acid conversion rate after fermentation. Meanwhile, it can increase the yield, soil fertility and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can be promoted for large scale application.