嘧菌酯施药措施与最终残留量间的相关性分析 及其膳食摄入风险评估

[目的]对嘧菌酯在花生植株、花生、花生壳及土壤中的最终残留及其消解动态进行分析,评价嘧菌酯在花生生产上的残留安全性.[方法]对不同施药次数、施药剂量及采收间隔期与花生植株、花生、花生壳及土壤中嘧菌酯最终残留量间的相关性进行分析,同时对嘧菌酯进行了膳食摄入风险评估.[结果]嘧菌酯在花生植株和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为7.24~12.07 d和5.57~13.48 d.嘧菌酯在花生植株、花生、花生壳和土壤中的最终残留量分别低于1.135、0.154、0.922和0.957 mg/kg,嘧菌酯残留量排序为花生<花生壳<土壤<花生植株.根据最终残留量试验结果,嘧菌酯在花生中的残留中值为0.05 mg/kg,普通人群嘧菌酯的国家估算每日摄入量为0.418785 mg/kg,占日允许摄入量的3.32%左右.采收间隔期为21和28 d时,在不同施药次数、施药剂量和采收间隔期条件下,嘧菌酯在花生植株、花生、花生壳和土壤中的残留量差异均不显著(P>0.05).[结论]按常规方式施用嘧菌酯通常不会对一般人群健康产生不可接受的风险,但采收间隔期为14 d时,施药剂量和施药次数对最终残留量有一定影响.

Relation between application measures and residues of azoxystrobin and risk assessment for dietary residue intake

[Objective]Dissipation dynamics and behavior of terminal residues of azoxystrobin in peanut plant, peanut, peanut shell and soil under field conditions were studied in order to determine whether azoxystrobin usage is safe under the recommended application methods. [Method]The correlation between spraying times, dosage and interval to harvest, and terminal residues of azoxystrobin in peanut plant, peanut, peanut shell and soil were analyzed. Meanwhile, risk assess-ment for dietary residue intake of azoxystrobin was eveluated. [Result]The half-lives of azoxystrobin in peanut plant and in soil were 7.24-12.07 d and 5.57-13.48 d respectively. The terminal residues at harvest in peanuts plant, peanut, peanut shell and soil were lower than 1.135, 0.154, 0.922 and 0.957 mg/kg respectively. The rank of residue levels were as fol-lows: peanut < peanut shell < soil < peanut plant. The supervised trial median residue(STMR) in peanut was 0.05 mg/kg, the international estimated daily intake(IEDI) of azoxystrobin was 0.418785 mg/kg, the percentage of acceptable daily intake (ADI%) was found to be 3.32%. When the interval to harvest was 21 or 28 d, under different spraying times, dosages and intervals to harvest, there was no significent difference(P>0.05) in terminal residues in peanut plant, peanut, peanut shell and soil. [Conclusion]The potential health risk induced by azoxystrobin is not significant based on conventional ap-plication. When the preharvest intervals(PHI) is 14 d, the application rate and frequency may have had an effect on the terminal residues.