云南地方籼粳稻稻瘟病抗性和农艺性状差异分析及优异稻种筛选

【目的】分析云南省地方籼稻和粳稻的稻瘟病抗性和农艺性状差异，筛选适宜于种植区环境的优异地方稻种，为稻瘟病的抗性育种及良种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以云南地方籼稻和粳稻品种各23份为材料，利用8个稻瘟病菌株进行室内苗期稻瘟病抗性鉴定及抗瘟基因推导，并结合田间农艺性状测定结果进行综合评价，筛选出优异地方稻种。【结果】抗性频率为0.0%~25.0%、25.1%~50.0%、50.1%~75.0%和75.1%~100.0%的粳稻品种分别有4、5、6和8个，籼稻品种分别有0、4、7和12个。粳稻和籼稻接种8个稻瘟病标准菌株后，籼稻的稻瘟病抗性整体高于粳稻。46个水稻品种的抗瘟基因组成较复杂，其中，能推导出抗瘟基因的品种共17个，其中粳稻品种7个，籼稻品种10个；抗性基因组成复杂的品种（可能含有的抗瘟基因在6个或6个以上）有23份；含有未知抗瘟基因的品种有6个，均为粳稻；Pik、Piz-t、Pib、Pi1、Pi11和Pita-2基因在籼稻中出现的次数高于粳稻，其中Pita-2基因仅存在于籼稻品种吉强糯和天杂58中；Pik-s、Pita、Pi3、Pi12和Pii基因在粳稻中出现的次数高于籼稻，其中Pi12基因仅存在于粳稻品种日本谷和华街中。农艺性状调查测定结果显示，在株高、穂长、结实率和千粒重方面，粳稻品种间的差异明显大于籼稻品种；在产量方面，籼稻品种间的差异小于粳稻品种。筛选出的高抗稻瘟病品种:镰刀谷（粳稻）、香糯（籼稻）、毫糯早（籼稻）和老品种糯谷（籼稻）；高产品种:日本谷（粳稻）和粘珏香（籼稻）；矮杆品种:冷水汕优（粳稻）和白壳糯（籼稻）；多穗品种:日本谷（粳稻）和老品种糯谷（籼稻）。【结论】籼稻所含的抗瘟基因数量和稻瘟病抗性整体较粳稻高，说明籼稻的抗谱范围更广。筛选出的粳稻品种冷水汕优和日本谷可用于优质高产品种选育，籼稻品种香糯和毫糯早可用于稻瘟病抗性品种选育。

Blast resistance and agronomic traits of local Indica rice and Japonica rice in Yunnan and screening of elite rice varieties

【Objective】In order to screen suitable excellent local rice varieties, analyzed the differences in blast resistance and agronomic traits between local Indica rice and Japonica rice in Yunnan. The purpose was to provide theoretical basis for resistance breeding and improved variety breeding of rice blast.【Method】In order to screen out excellent local rice varieties, 23 local Indica rice and 23 Japonica rice varieties in Yunnan were used as materials. Eight rice blast strains were used for indoor blast resistance identification and blast resistance gene derivation at seedling stage, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out combined with the results of field agronomic traits.【Result】There were 4, 5, 6 and 8 Japonica rice varieties with resistance frequency of 0.0%-25.0%, 25.1%-50.0%, 50.1% -75.0% and 75.1%-100.0%, respectively. The resistance frequency of Indica rice varieties was 0, 4, 7 and 12. After inoculation of Japonica rice and Indica rice with eight standard strains of rice blast, the blast resistance of Indica rice was generally higher than that of Japonica rice. The blast resistance gene composition of 46 rice varieties was relatively complex, of which 17 varieties could deduce the resistance gene, including 7 Japonica varieties and 10 Indica varieties. There were 23 varieties with complex resistance gene composition(there might be 6 or more resistance genes);there were 6 varieties with unknown resistance genes, all of which were Japonica rice. The frequency of Pik, Piz-t, Pib, Pi1, Pi11 and Pita-2 genes in Indica rice was higher than that in Japonica rice, and Pita-2 gene only existed in Jiqiangnuo and Tianza 58. The frequency of Pik-s, Pita, Pi3, Pi12 and Pii genes in Japonica rice was higher than that in Indica rice, and the Pi12 gene was only found in Japonica rice varieties Ribengu and Huajie. The results of agronomic traits showed that the differences of plant height, ear length, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight among Japonica rice varieties were greatly greater than those of Indica rice varieties. In terms of yield, the difference between Indica rice varieties was less than Japonica rice. High blast resistant varieties were:Liandaogu(Japonica), Xiangnuo(Indica), Haonuozao(Indica) and Laopinzhongnuogu(Indica);high yield varieties were:Ribengu(Japonica) and Zhanjuexiang(Indica);dwarf stem varieties were:Lengshuishanyou(Japonica) and Baikenuo (Indica);multispike varieties were:Ribengu(Japonica) and Laopinzhongnuogu(Indica).【Conclusion】The number of blast resistance genes and blast resistance of Indica rice are higher than that of Japonica rice, indicating that the resistance spectrum of Indica rice is wider. The selected Japonica rice varieties Lengshui Shanyou and Ribengu can be used for breeding high quality and high yield varieties, and the Indica rice varieties Xiangnuo and Haonuozao can be used for breeding blast resistant varieties.