烟秆炭基肥对烤烟生长和品质的影响

【目的】探究烟秆炭基肥对烤烟生长发育及品质提升的影响，以期为烤烟增产提质及烟秆炭基肥的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】通过田间微区试验，设5个处理:不施肥（CK）、烟草专用肥（F）、低量（525 kg/ha）烟秆炭基肥（LBF）、中量（1050 kg/ha）烟秆炭基肥（MBF）和高量（1575 kg/ha）烟秆炭基肥（HBF）。烟叶旺长期和成熟期测定并分析烤烟生长和品质指标。【结果】施用烟秆炭基肥可提高肥料农学利用率，促进烤烟生长并提高生物量，同等氮磷钾养分水平下，MBF处理根、茎、叶干物质重量均高于F处理。施用烟秆炭基肥还能提高烤烟叶绿素及总糖、还原糖、烟碱、钾和总氮含量，降低氯含量。同等氮磷钾养分水平下，MBF处理烤烟总糖含量较F处理显著提高7.70%（P<0.05），还原糖、烟碱、钾和氯含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同处理的烤烟产量总体表现为HBF>MBF>F>LBF>CK，中上等烟及上等烟比例均表现为MBF>HBF>F>LBF>CK，相同氮磷钾养分水平下，MBF处理在产量、均价、产值及经济效益上均显著高于F处理。【结论】施用烟秆炭基肥均能促进烤烟生长，改善烟叶化学成分协调性，提高烤烟经济效益，其中以中量烟秆炭基肥处理（1050 kg/ha）综合表现最优，值得推广。

Effects of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco

【Objective】 To investigate effects of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer on tobacco growth，development and quality improvement，so as to provide scientific guidance for promotion and application of biochar-based fertilizer，yield and quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】 Five treatments were set through field micro-plot trials: no fertilizer（CK），tobacco fertilizer（F），low amount（525 kg/ha）of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer（LBF），medium amount（1050 kg/ha）of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer（MBF）and high amount（1575 kg/ha）of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer（HBF）.The growth and quality indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed in the vigorous growth period and mature period.【Result】Applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer could improve the agronomic utilization rate of fertilizer，promote the growth and biomass of flue-cured tobacco.Under the same nitrogen（N），phosphorous（P）and potassium（K）nutrient level，dry matter weight of root，stem and leaf in MBF treatment were higher than those in F treatment.By applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer，contents of chlorophyll，total sugar，reducing sugar，nicotine，potassium and total nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco could be increased，and chlorine content could be decreased.Under the same NPK nutrient level，the contents of total sugar in MBF treatment were significantly increased by 7.70%（P<0.05）compared with F treatment，respectively，while the contents of reducing sugar，nicotine，potassium and chlorine were not significantly different（P>0.05）.Overall yield of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments was HBF>MBF>F>LBF>CK，and the proportions of medium and superior tobacco and superior tobacco were MBF> HBF>F>LBF>CK.Under the same NPK nutrient level，the yield，average price，output value and economic benefit of MBF treatment were significantly higher than those of F treatment.【Conclusion】 Applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco，coordinate chemical components of tobacco leaves，and improve the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco，among which medium amount of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer（1050 kg/ha）leads to the best comprehensive performance，and is worth popularization.