紫甜玉米产量及其构成因素和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析

【目的】对20个紫甜玉米自交系与2个测试种进行产量及其构成因素和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析，为高效创制高产甜玉米自交系提供材料基础和理论依据。【方法】将20个紫甜玉米自交系（TD01~TD20）与2个测试种黄色甜玉米自交系（TI）和白色甜玉米自交系（T2）]进行杂交组配，采用完全随机组设计对获得的40个杂交组合（TH01~TH40）进行田间试验，以SW1011和Fancy 111为对照品种。测定亲本及其杂交组合的产量及其构成因素和品质性状。利用Line×Tester模型在AGD-R软件中进行中亲优势度（Hm）、杂种优势度（Hb）和一般配合力（GCA）分析。【结果】紫色种皮由父本遗传，在40个杂交组合中占优势，所有测定的性状表现为中亲优势和杂种优势。大多数亲本系鲜穗收获期的Hm、Hb和GCA表现为负值，说明这些亲本系具有组配早熟杂交种的潜力。除收获期和穗粗外，其余调查性状表现出多个显性效应，证明了非加性遗传效应的重要性。具有较高GCA的杂交组合为TH05（T1×TD05）、TH31（T2×TD11）、TH20（T1×TD20）、TH33（T2×TD13）、TH34（T2×TD14）、TH16（T1×TD16）、TH08（T1×TD08）和TH25（T2×TD05）。【结论】紫色甜玉米与黄色甜玉米自交系或白色甜玉米自交系杂交，紫色性状具有显性效应，筛选出的8个品质优良杂交种及其亲本可作为培育越南商品化紫甜玉米品种的亲本材料。

Heterosis,combining ability on yield,yield components and quality traits of purple sweet corn

【Objective】Heterosis and combining ability analysis on yield，yield components and quality traits of 20 purple sweet corn inbred lines and 2 tested varieties were conducted，to provide material foundation and theoretical basis for effectively creating high-yield sweet corn inbred lines.【Method】Twenty purple sweet corn inbred lines（TD01-TD20） and 2 tested varieties［yellow sweet corn inbred line（T1）and white sweet corn inbred line（T2）］were crossbred to obtain 40 hybrid combinations（TH01-TH40）that were taken as materials in a field experiment with randomized complete block design，in which SW1011 and Fancy 111 were taken two check varieties.Yield，yield components and quality traits of parental and hybrid combinations were determined. Mid-parent heterosis（Hm），heterobeltiosis（Hb），and general combining ability（GCA）analyses were conducted via Line×Tester model in AGD-R software.【Result】The purple color in seed coat was proven inherited from the male parent，and thus，dominated in all hybrids. Hm and Hb were observed in all investigated traits. Negative Hm，Hb，and GCA values on fresh ear harvesting time were observed in most parental lines， indicating such parental lines had potential for production of early harvest hybrids. Dominance effects were found in almost all the traits investigated，except for harvesting time and ear diameter，exemplifying the importance of non-additive genetic effects. Lines with high GCA value were TH05（T1×TD05），TH31（T2×TD11），TH20（T1×TD20），TH33（T2×TD13），TH34（T2×TD14），TH16（T1×TD16），TH08（T1×TD08），and TH25（T2×TD05）.【Conclusion】When purple sweet corn was crossbred with yellow sweet corn inbred lines or white sweet corn inbred lines，purple traits have dominance effects. Therefore，8 high-quality hybrid varieties and their parental lines are screened，which can be taken as parental materials for purple sweet corn variety cultivation in Vietnam.