广西大苗山区65个茶树新品（株）系主要品质化学成分分析

【目的】分析广西大苗山区65个茶树新品(株)系的品质化学成分特性和适制性,为培育具有地方特色的茶树新品种提供理论参考。【方法】以广西大苗山区地方茶树种质资源筛选培育出的65个茶树新品(株)系为研究对象,采用常规生化分析方法和高效液相色谱法对其主要品质化学成分进行测定,计算Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数(H'),并对其进行主成分分析、聚类分析、相关分析和适制性分析,最后筛选出具有优良种质潜力的茶树品(株)系。【结果】65个茶树新品(株)系的遗传多样性指数为1.45~2.07,平均为1.88,变异系数为17.37%~97.70%,平均为36.75%,表现出丰富的遗传变异。基于品质化学成分测定结果对65个茶树新品(株)进行聚类分析,在遗传距离14.5处,可将分为六大类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ类群包含45、9、7和2个品(株)系,第Ⅳ类群和Ⅵ类群分别包含1个品(株)系。对65个茶树品(株)系的15个品质化学成分及指标进行相关分析,结果显示,呈显著正相关的有12对,呈显著负相关的有5对,呈极显著正相关的有34对,呈极显著负相关的有14对。对15个化学成分及指标进行主成分分析,提取了4个主成分,累计贡献率达80.80%。在65个茶树新品(株)系中,适制绿茶的茶树新品(株)系有55个,红绿兼制的有10个,其中具有优良种质潜力的茶树新品(株)系共有16个。【结论】广西大苗山区65个茶树新品(株)系的品质化学成分多样性丰富,存在明显遗传变异,具有培育优良茶树新品种的潜力。

Main quality chemical components of 65 new tea plant strains in Damiao Mountain of Guangxi

【Objective】To identify 65 new tea plant strains in the Damiao Mountain area of Guangxi,analyze their quality chemical composition characteristics and suitability,and lay the scientific foundation for cultivating new tea plant varieties with local characteristics.【Method】The 65 new tea plant strains bred by germplasm resources in Damiao Mountain of Guangxi were as objects. The main quality chemical components were determined and analyzed by conventional biochemical analysis and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ;their Shannon-Weaver diversity index(H') was analyzed by statistical software,and principal component analysis,cluster analysis,correlation analysis and suitability analysis were conducted. Finally,the tea plant strains with excellent germplasm resource potential were screened.【Result】The diversity indexes of 65 new tea plant strains ranged from 1.45 to 2.07,with an average of 1.88,and the coefficients of variation ranged from 17.37% to 97.70%,with an average of 36.75%,showing a rich genetic variation. The 65 new tea plant strains were clustered based on quality chemical components determination,and at a genetic distance of 14.5,they could be divided into six taxa,with taxon Ⅰ containing 45 strains,taxon Ⅱ containing 9 strains,taxon Ⅲ containing 7 strains,taxon Ⅳ containing 1 strain,taxon Ⅴ containing 2 strains,taxon Ⅳ containing 1 and taxon Ⅵ containing 1 strain.The correlation analysis of the 15 chemical components and indexes of the 65 new tea plant strains showed that there were 12 pairs of significant positive correlations,5 pairs of significant negative correlations,34 pairs of highly significant positive correlations and 14 pairs of highly significant negative correlations. Principal component analysis was performed on the 15 chemical components and indexes,and 4 principal components were extracted with a cumulative contribution of variance of 80.80%. Among the 65 new tea plant strains,55 new tea plant strains were suitable for green tea production,and 10 were suitable for both red tea and green tea,and 16 were germplasm resources with excellent germplasm potential.【Conclusion】The 65 new tea plant strains in the Damiao Mountain area of Guangxi have rich diversity of quality chemical components and obvious genetic variation,and have the potential to cultivate excellent new tea plant varieties.