2种产卵类型翘嘴鲌肌肉营养成分分析与评价

【目的】分析粘性卵翘嘴鲌与漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉品质差异，为翘嘴鲌营养品质鉴定及其养殖提供参考依据。【方法】依据相关标准分别对2种翘嘴鲌肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、质构特性和矿物元素含量进行测定，并评价其营养价值。【结果】粘性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉的灰分含量（1.16 g/100 g）显著低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌（1.26 g/100 g）（P<0.05，下同），而2种翘嘴鲌的水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著差异（P>0.05，下同）。2种翘嘴鲌肌肉中均检测出17种氨基酸，其中粘性卵翘嘴鲌的谷氨酸（Glu）、精氨酸（Arg）含量及鲜味氨基酸总量（∑DAA）显著低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌，必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌；2种翘嘴鲌的第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸（Met+Cys），第二限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸（Val）。粘性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉中检测出15种脂肪酸，漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉中检测出17种脂肪酸，其中粘性卵翘嘴鲌的二十碳一烯酸（C20:1）相对含量（0.85%）显著高于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌（0.61%），而α-亚麻酸（C18:3）的相对含量（1.93%）显著低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌（2.62%）。质构特性方面，粘性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉硬度、弹性和咀嚼性低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌，但回复性高于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌；粘性卵翘嘴鲌肌纤维长径和短径大于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌。2种翘嘴鲌肌肉矿物元素含量丰富，粘性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉中硒含量（0.06mg/kg）显著低于漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌（0.11mg/kg），钙、镁、锌和铁含量在2种翘嘴鲌间无显著差异。【结论】粘性卵和漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量丰富，具有高蛋白的特点，但漂浮性卵翘嘴鲌肌肉营养价值更高，口感更好。

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional composition in two spawning types ofCulter alburnus

【Objective】The difference in muscle nutritional quality of Culter alburnus between adhesive spawn and pelagic spawn types were investigated to evaluate the nutritional quality and provide inference for C. alburnus aquaculture.【Method】The basic nutrients，amino acid，fatty acid，texture properties and mineral elements of two types of C. alburnus muscle were determined and their nutritional value was evaluated.【Result】The results showed that the ash of adhesive C. alburnus（1.16 g/100 g）was significantly lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus（1.26 g/100 g）（P<0.05，the same below），but no significant differences were found in moisture，crude protein and crude lipid（P>0.05，the same below）. Seventeen kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids were detected in the muscle of adhesive C. alburnus and pelagic C. alburnus. The content of glutamate（Glu），arginine（Arg）and total flavor amino acids（∑DAA）of adhesive C. alburnus was significantly lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus，and the essential amino acid index（EAAI）was lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus. The first limit amino acid of the two groups was methionine+cystine（Met+Cys），and the second limit amino acid was valine（Val）. The muscle of adhesive C. alburnus contained 15 kinds of fatty acids，whereas pelagic C. alburnus contained 17 kinds of fatty acids. The relative content of eicosanoic acid（C20:1）in adhesive C. alburnus（0.85%）was significantly higher than that of pelagic C. alburnus（0.61%），while the relative content of α - linolenic acid（C18:3） （1.93%）was significantly lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus（2.62%）. In textural properties，the hardness，springiness and chewiness in muscles of adhesive C. alburnus were significantly lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus，but the resilience was significantly higher than that of pelagic C. alburnus. The long and short diameters of muscle fibers of adhesive C. alburnus were higher than that of pelagic C. alburnus. The muscle of the two species of C. alburnus were abundant in mineral elements，and the selenium（Se）content of adhesive C. alburnus（0.06 mg/kg）was significantly lower than that of pelagic C. alburnus（0.11 mg/kg）. Besides，there were no significant difference in the content of calsium（Ca）， magnesium（Mg），zinc（Zn）and iron（Fe）in the muscle among the adhesive C. alburnus and pelagic C. alburnus.【Conclusion】The results show that the pelagic C. alburnus and adhesive C. alburnus are rich in amino acid and fatty acid，and they also contain high level of protein. Pelagic C. alburnus have higher ntritional values and batter taste compared with adhesive C. alburnus.