砧木和覆膜对爱媛28果实营养品质的影响

【目的】探索砧木和覆膜对爱媛28果实内在品质及营养功能成分的影响，以期为进一步优化其栽培技术提供参考。【方法】分别以枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧木，设置4个处理，即枳+不覆膜、枳+覆膜、卡里佐枳橙+不覆膜、卡里佐枳橙+覆膜，测定不同处理的果实基础品质及糖、有机酸、类黄酮、酚酸、氨基酸和异味物质含量。【结果】不覆膜条件下，相比卡里佐枳橙砧，枳砧果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量和维生素C含量分别高9.78%、8.20%和4.84%，总糖含量、有机酸总量和总类黄酮含量显著高于卡里佐枳橙（P<0.05，下同），分别比卡里佐枳橙砧果实高18.65%、27.93%和10.64%；但总酚含量和总氨基酸含量显著低于卡里佐枳橙砧；同时，枳砧爱媛28果实的异味物质乙醇和乙醛含量显著低于卡里佐枳橙砧果实。相比不覆膜，覆膜处理下，爱媛28果实中可溶性固形物含量、有机酸总量和总酚含量均显著增加，其中枳砧果实的上述3个指标分别增加9.90%、5.20%和66.12%，卡里佐枳橙砧分别增加9.78%、5.64%和28.88%。覆膜处理下，2种砧木处理的果实中异味物质乙醛和乙醇含量均显著降低，其中，枳砧分别减少15.58%和9.01%，卡里佐枳橙砧分别减少37.17%和11.76%；此外，枳砧果实的总氨基酸含量显著增加，卡里佐枳橙砧果实的总氨基酸含量显著减少。【结论】生产上爱媛28以枳作为砧木，其果实的综合品质明显优于卡里佐枳橙砧，且通过覆膜可进一步改良爱媛28的果实营养品质，提升风味。

Effects of rootstock and film mulching on nutritional quality of Ehime 28 fruits

【Objective】 This study explored the effects of different rootstocks and film mulching on the internal quality and nutritional functional components of Ehime 28 fruits in order to provide reference for further optimizing the cultivation techniques of Ehime 28.【Method】Taking Trifoliate orange (Pt) and Carrizo citrange (CC) as rootstocks respectively, four treatments (Pt without mulching, CC without mulching, Pt with mulching and CC with mulching) were set up. The basic quality of fruits and the contents of sugar, organic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acid, amino acid and odor substances were determined.【Result】 Under the condition of no film covering, the contents of soluble solids, titratable acids and vitamin C of Ehime 28 fruit on Pt were 9.78%, 8.20% and 4.84% higher than that of CC rootstock, respectively. The contents of total sugar, total organic acids and total flavonoids of Ehime 28 fruit on Pt were also significantly(P<0.05, the same below) higher than CC, and were 18.65%, 27.93% and 10.64% higher than that of CC. But the total phenol content and total amino acid content of Ehime 28 fruit on Pt were significantly lower than that of CC rootstock. At the same time, the contents of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the fruits of Ehime 28 on Pt rootstock were significantly lower than that in the fruits of CC rootstock. Compared with no film mulching, the content of soluble solids, total organic acids and total phenolic acids in Ehime 28 fruits under film mulching treatment increased significantly. Among them, the contents of soluble solids, total organic acids and total phenolic acids in Ehime 28 fruits on Pt rootstock increased by 9.90%, 5.20% and 66.12% respectively, and that in CC rootstock increased by 9.78%, 5.64% and 28.88% respectively. Under film mulching, the con-tent of acetaldehyde and ethanol of odorous substance in the fruit was significantly reduced. Compared with the no film mulching treatment, the content of acetaldehyde and ethanol in Ehime 28 on Pt was reduced by 15.58% and 9.01%, respectively, and that of CC was reduced by 37.17% and 11.76%, respectively. In addition, the total amino acid content in the fruits of Ehime 28 on Pt rootstock was significantly increased under film mulching, while the total amino acid content in the fruits of Ehime 28 on CC rootstock was significantly reduced.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive fruit quality of Ehime 28 on Ptis better than that of CC, and the fruit nutritional quality and flavor can be further improved by film mulching.