植物染色体标本的制备和染色体核型分析研究进展

染色体是遗传物质的载体,植物染色体制片和核型分析技术是细胞遗传学中最基本、最常用的方法,在物种亲缘关系鉴定、染色体变异、杂种分析等方面得到广泛应用.文章从取材、材料预处理、材料固定、材料解离、染色体制片、染色与观察等方面综述了近年来植物染色体制片的改进方法,从传统手工分析、Photoshop软件分析、自动核型分析、流式细胞术等介绍了核型分析技术.并从提高制片技术,以获得更清晰可辨的中期染色体图像;在染色体制片中规范统一标准的仪器设备并建立一套统一的标准,便于比较不同研究者的结果,有利于植物分类和遗传的研究;提高数据统计和分析的方法,以降低实验成本等方面展望了今后植物核型分析的发展方向.

Research progress in plant chromosome samples preparation and karyotype analysis

Chromosome is the genetic material carrier. Plant chromosome and karyotype analysis technology is the most common and useful method in cytogenetics research， and is widely used in species relationship identification， chromosome variation， and hybrid analysis. The improved plant chromosome preparation method in recent years were reviewed from included sample selection， material pretreatment， material regulation， material dissociation， chromosome preparation， staining and observation， etc. The karyotype analysis technology was introduced by traditional manual analysis， photoshop software analysis， automatic karyotype analysis， flow cytometry， etc. The developing future directions for plant karyotype analysis are as follows： improving the production technology to obtain clearer metaphase chromosome images， standardizing the unified chromosome standards equipment and establishing a unified standard to facilitate results comparison for benefiting plant taxonomy and genetic research. Also， the data statistics and analysis methods were improved in order to reduce the experimental cost.