PVA/丝片化稻草复合材料的制备及其性能测定

目的]探讨稻草基复合材料的制备工艺,优化稻草处理方法,提高复合材料的力学性能.方法]将稻草裁剪为1.5±0.1 cm的稻草段,通过搅拌剪切方式将其转化为丝片,筛除其中产生的粉末,然后将比例不同的稻草丝片和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混匀,加水定重至30g,装入不锈钢模具(125 mm×125 mm×2 mm)进行热压,冷却至室温后脱模,测其性能.结果]复合材料的拉伸强度随PVA用量、热压温度及热压时间的增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,当PVA的含量为40%,在150℃热压10 min时,复合材料拉伸强度达到了7.45 MPa.结论]丝片化稻草可作为制备稻草基复合材料,利用热压法制备复合材料,工艺简洁,复合材料的硬度受制备工艺影响较小.

Preparation and properties of PVA/silky straw composite materials

【Objective】The preparing process of straw based composite material was discussed to optimize the straw processing method and to improve the mechanical properties of the composites. 【Method】The straw was cut into sections around 1.5 cm， then through the stirring shear mode， the straw sections transformed into silky slices； the resulting powder was lastly sieved. Through using water， a total of 30 g blending mass of different straw silk ratios and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） were put into stainless steel molds（125 mm×125 mm×2 mm） for hot pressing； after cooling the blending mass to room temperature and releasing the mass from molds， the performance was measured. 【Result】As the PVA amount， hot pressing temperature， and hot pressing time initially increased， the tensile strength of the composite increased then decreased. When the PVA content was at 40% and the hot pressing temperature was at 150℃ for 10 min， the composite tensile strength was 7.45 MPa. 【Conclusion】Silky straw pieces could be used as straw based composites preparation. Composite preparation by hot pressing was a simple process and the hardness of the composite was less affected by the preparation process.