2种施硒方式对水稻硒吸收及分布的影响

【目的】探究不同施硒方式对水稻硒吸收及分布的影响，为富硒水稻栽培和品种选育提供参考。【方法】通过盆栽试验，以3个具有相同遗传背景的水稻品种（中早22、陵两优22和株两优22）为研究对象，设土壤施硒（Na₂SeO₃）1 mg/kg和叶面喷硒20 mL/L 2种处理，成熟期分别测定3个水稻品种的相关农艺性状、产量、植株各部位的硒含量及土壤养分含量。【结果】外源施硒对水稻的生长及产量影响不明显，但能有效调控水稻各部位的硒含量。土壤施硒不同处理水稻品种的硒吸收累积量依次为中早22>陵两优22>株两优22，而叶面喷硒处理品种间的硒吸收累积量表现为株两优22>陵两优22>中早22。土壤施硒处理各品种的经济集硒率表现为中早22>株两优22>陵两优22，中早22稻米硒含量比例为16.5%，是陵两优22（6.6%）的2.5倍；叶面喷硒处理各品种的经济集硒率则表现为株两优22>陵两优22>中早22，株两优22的稻米硒含量比例为17.3%，是中早22（7.9%）的2.2倍。与叶面喷硒处理相比，土壤施硒处理抑制了土壤的水解性氮含量，提高了土壤全硒和速效钾的含量。【结论】添加外源硒能有效调控稻米的硒含量，土壤施硒方式下中早22更易产出富硒稻米；而叶面喷硒处理后，株两优22的稻米硒含量更高。杂交水稻亲本的富硒特性对杂种后代的富硒能力具有不同影响。

Effects of two selenium application methods on the absorption and distribution of selenium in rice

【Objective】The different ways of applying selenium on absorption and distribution of selenium in rice were studied to provide reference for cultivation and variety selection of selenium-enrichment rice.【Method】Through pot experiment, the three rice varieties with the same genetic background(Zhongzao 22, Lingliangyou 22 and Zhuliangyou 22) as the research object, set two treatments of soil application of selenium(Na₂SeO₃) 1 mg/kg and foliar application of selenium 20 mL/L, the agronomic characters, yield, selenium content in various positions and soil nutrient content of three rice varieties were determined respectively at the mature stage.【Result】Adding exogenous selenium had no obvious effects on rice growth and yield, but could effectively control the selenium content of each part in rice.Selenium absorption accumulation of different rice varieties applying selenium to soil ranked as follows:Zhongzao 22> Lingliangyou 22> Zhuliangyou 22, and the absorption accumulation of exogenous selenium for spraying on the leaf was Zhuliangyou 22> Lingliangyou 22> Zhongzao 22.After soil application of selenium, the set of economic rate of selenium performance for each variety was Zhongzao 22> Zhuliangyou 22> Lingliangyou 22, the selenium content ratio of Zhongzao 22 rice was 16.5%, 2.5 times as that of Lingliangyou 22(6.6%), and after foliar application of selenium, the economic selenium collection rate of each variety was Zhuliangyou 22> Lingliangyou 22> Zhongzao 22, the selenium content ratio of Zhuliangyou 22 rice was 17.3%, 2.2 times as that of Zhongzao 22(7.9%).Compared with the foliar application of selenium, soil selenium treatment inhibited the hydrolysis nitrogen content of soil, increased the content of total selenium and available potassium in soil.【Conclusion】Adding exogenous selenium can effectively regulate the selenium content of rice, Zhongzao 22 is more likely to produce selenium-rich rice under the mode of soil application of selenium;and after foliar application of selenium, Zhuliangyou 22 selenium content of rice is higher.The selenium-enriched characteristics of hybrid rice parents have different effects on the selenium-enriched ability of hybrid offspring.