不同硒肥施用模式对冬种马铃薯硒含量、产量及品质的影响

【目的】研究不同硒肥施用模式对马铃薯产量、富硒效果及品质的影响，为南方冬种马铃薯标准化富硒栽培技术提供参考。【方法】采用大田试验，以雪川3号马铃薯种薯为研究对象，以6000 kg/ha普通有机肥配施1500 kg/ha复合肥作基肥为对照，设8个不同配比的富硒高钙型有机肥、复合肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥处理组，成熟期测定不同处理的马铃薯产量、硒含量及品质性状指标，并进行成本和效益核算。【结果】施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥均可不同程度地提高马铃薯产量和块茎硒含量，且喷施氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥的富硒效果优于施用富硒高钙型有机肥，但马铃薯产量和块茎硒含量未与硒肥用量成正比，以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥+6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥配施处理的马铃薯总产量最高（41.08 t/ha），同时其块茎硒含量也相对较高。喷施硒肥对提高马铃薯块茎淀粉、蛋白质及维生素C含量均有一定的促进作用，对还原糖含量的影响不显著（P>0.05）。相关分析结果表明，马铃薯块茎硒含量与蛋白质和维生素C含量及干物质量呈显著（P<0.05，下同）或极显著（P<0.01）正相关，与还原糖含量呈显著负相关。与对照相比，施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥处理均有可观的经济效益，并以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥+6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥配施处理的种植效益最高，达119052.0元/ha。【结论】施用富硒高钙型有机肥和氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥对提高马铃薯块茎硒含量及淀粉、蛋白质和维生素C含量等均有一定的促进作用。以6000 kg/ha富硒高钙型有机肥+1500 kg/ha复合肥作底肥，膨大期喷施6000 mL/ha氨基酸螯合硒叶面肥的施肥方式相对较优，可兼顾马铃薯产量和品质，且符合广西地方富硒农产品硒含量分类要求。

Effects of different fertilization modes of selenium on selenium content,yield and quality of winter cropping potatoes

【Objective】The research was conducted to study effects of different fertilization modes of selenium on yield, effects of the seleniumenrichment and qualities of winter cropping potatoes to provide reference for standardized selenium-enriched potato cultivation techniques.【Method】The field test was carried out with variety Xuechuan 3 as the research material, with 6000 kg/ha ordinary organic fertilizer and 1500 kg/ha compound fertilizer as the control. In addition, eight different ratios of selenium-enriched high calcium type organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and amino acid chelate foliar fertilizer treatment groups were set. The yield, selenium content and quality character indexes of potato under different treatments were determined and the cost and benefit were accounted.【Result】Both selenium-enriched high calcium type organic fertilizer and amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer could improve potato yield and tuber selenium content to varying degrees, and the selenium-enriching effect of spraying amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer was better than applying selenium-enriched high-calcium organic fertilizer, but the potato yield and the selenium content of tubers were not directly proportional to the concentration of selenium fertilizer. With concentration of 6000 kg/ha selenium-enriched high-calcium organic fertilizer+1500 kg/ha compound fertilizer+6000 mL/ha amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer, the potato yield was the highest(41.08 t/ha), and the selenium content in potato tubers was also higher. Spraying selenium fertilizer had a certain promoting effect on increasing potato tuber starch content, protein content and vitamin C, but had no significant effect on reducing sugars(P>0.05). Correlation analysis found that there was significant (P<0.05, the same below) or extremely significant(P<0.01) positive correlation between selenium content of potato and protein, vitamin C and dry matter accumulation. Compared with CK, the application of selenium-rich organic fertilizer with high calcium content and amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer had considerable economic benefits, and the application of 6000 kg/ha selenium-enriched high-calcium organic fertilizer+1500 kg/ha compound fertilizer+6000 mL/ha amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer had the highest planting benefits, which reached 119052.0 yuan/ha.【Conclusion】Selenium-enriched high-calcium organic fertilizer and amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer can promote the selenium content, starch content, protein content and vitamin C content in of potato tuber. 6000 kg/ha seleniumenriched high-calcium organic fertilizer+1500 kg/ha compound fertilizer+6000 mL/ha amino acid chelated selenium foliar fertilizer has fine effects. It can balance potato yield and quality, and meet the requirements of selenium content classification of local selenium-rich agricultural products in Guangxi.