植物挥发性有机化合物的研究进展

植物在生长发育过程中释放大量的挥发性有机化合物（Volatile organic compounds，VOCs），这类物质为亲脂性小分子化合物。VOCs参与植物信号交流、授粉、生物与非生物胁迫应答等过程；作为植物芳香形成的重要原因，VOCs还影响植物果实及植物加工产品的风味和品质。文章归纳总结了VOCs的合成途径分类、合成部位、催化特征和影响其合成的因素（遗传背景差异、不同的生长阶段和部位及外界环境因素），VOCs参与植物应对逆境胁迫中的作用和机制（直接防御、间接防御和提高植物应对胁迫能力）以及基因调控手段（导入外源基因、提高自身基因的表达量和抑制内源基因的表达），指出目前基因调控存在目的产物不稳定和效果不确定的问题。提出今后应加强减少非必需VOCs的合成、深入探讨VOCs与其他次级代谢产物相互影响的机制和重视合成后修饰对VOCs的影响等基础理论研究，以及VOCs改变对农产品品质的影响和有效利用VOCs提高植物应对胁迫能力的农业用途趋势研究，为深入研究VOCs及其应用提供理论参考。

Volatile organic compounds in plant: A review

In the process of development, plants release a large number of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are lipophilic compounds with low molecular weight. VOCs are involved in plant signal communication, pollination, biotic and abiotic stress response. As the cause of floral fragrance, VOCs also affect the flavor and quality of fruits and processed products. This paper mainly summarized the VOCs synthetic pathway classification and biosynthesis tissues, catalytic characteristics and factors for its synthesis(genetic background, different growth stages and plant tissues, environmental factor), role and mechanism of stress responsible in plants(direct and indirect defense, improvement of the ability for stress), methods of genetic engineering in the regulation of VOCs(introduction of exogenous gene, improvement the expression of biosynthesis gene and repression of endogenous gene). Meanwhile, this review pointed out the instability of the product and uncertain effect for genetic engineering. Proposed that basic research should be strengthened such as reduction of non-essential VOCs, the mechanism of interaction between VOCs and other secondary metabolites, post-synthesis modification. In addittion, the effect on the quality of agricultural product and the trend for improvement of the ability for stress when taking advantage of VOCs were discussed. Those researches provided theoretical reference for VOCs study and application.