高CO2浓度下西花蓟马在烟草上的生长发育和繁殖特征

【目的】明确高CO₂浓度下西花蓟马在烟草上的发育和繁殖特征，为在大气CO₂浓度不断升高背景下有效控制烟田西花蓟马种群数量，降低烟草番茄斑萎病的发生危害提供科学依据。【方法】分别在400和800μL/L CO₂浓度人工气候箱中用离体四季豆豆荚和烟叶饲养西花蓟马，研究2种CO₂浓度下取食四季豆和烟草的西花蓟马各龄期发育历期、存活率、繁殖力（性比、雌成虫寿命、平均产卵期、单雌平均产卵量、单雌日均产卵量）和种群参数［净生殖率（R₀）、平均世代周期（T）、内禀增长率（r_m）、周限增长率（λ）、种群加倍时间（DT）］，诠释高CO₂浓度下西花蓟马在烟草上的生长发育与繁殖特征。【结果】在400和800μL/L CO₂浓度下西花蓟马均能在烟草上正常生长发育和繁殖，但其1龄若虫至成虫的累计存活率仅为46.67%和55.00%，为相同CO₂浓度下取食四季豆的西花蓟马的52.84%和60.00%，且成虫寿命显著缩短（P< 0.05，下同），卵期、1～2龄若虫及未成熟期发育历期显著延长。相同CO₂浓度下，取食烟草的西花蓟马R₀、T、r_m和λ均显著低于取食四季豆的西花蓟马，且DT显著长于取食四季豆的西花蓟马；取食烟草的西花蓟马雌成虫寿命、平均产卵期、单雌平均产卵量和单雌日均产卵量在400μL/L CO₂浓度下为取食四季豆的53.03%、45.40%、26.32%和55.73%，而800μL/L CO₂浓度下仅为取食四季豆的49.60%、44.03%、23.55%和54.75%。高CO₂浓度下取食烟草的西花蓟马1～2龄若虫及未成熟期的发育历期显著长于正常CO₂浓度下西花蓟马的发育历期，而取食四季豆的则相反；高CO₂浓度下取食四季豆和烟草的西花蓟马未成熟期的存活率均高于或等于正常CO₂浓度下西花蓟马的存活率，且性比增加，平均产卵期延长，单雌平均产卵量和单雌日均产卵量亦有所提高；种群参数R₀、r_m和λ均显著升高，DT显著缩短。【结论】西花蓟马可在烟草上正常生长发育、存活和繁殖，且CO₂浓度倍增有利于其种群增长，从而加重烟草番茄斑萎病的发生危害。

Development and reproduction characters of Frankliniella occidentalis fed on tobacco under elevated CO2 concentration

【Objective】This study was designed to clarify the development and reproduction characteristics of Frankliniella occidentalis on tobacco under high CO₂ concentration, and lay a foundation for pest control under the background of increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and reducing the occurrence of tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) on tobacco.【Method】The developmental time, survival rate, fecundity(offspring sex ratio, female life span, average oviposition period, oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female) and population parametersnet reproductive rate(R₀), generation span(T), intrinsic rate of increase(r_m), increment rate per unit(λ) and the time of double population size(DT)]of F.occidentalis were measured for F.occidentalis fed on isolated kidney bean and tobacco leaves under 400μL/L and 800μL/L CO₂ concentrations in artificial climate chambers, which was to interpret the growth and reproduction characteristics of F.occidentalis on tobacco under high CO₂ concentration.【Result】Under the two CO₂ concentrations(400μL/L and 800μL/L), F.occidentalis could grow, develop and reproduce normally on tobacco, but the cumulative survival rate from the 1st instar to adults were only 46.67% and 55.00%, respectively, which were 52.84% and 60.00% of those on kidney bean under the same CO₂ concentration, adult longevity was significantly shortened(P< 0.05, the same below), and the developmental durations of egg, 1st-2nd instar and the immature stage of F.occidentalis fed on tobacco were significantly prolonged.Under the same CO₂ concentration, R₀, T, r_m and λ of F.occidentalis fed on tobacco were significantly lower than those on kidney bean, and DT was significantly increased;female life span, average oviposition period, oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female of F.occidentalis fed on tobacco were 53.05%, 45.40%, 26.32% and 55.73% of those on kidney bean under normal CO₂ concentration(400μL/L), respectively, while they were only 49.60%, 44.03%, 23.55% and 54.75% of those on kidney bean under elevated CO₂ concentration(800μL/L).The developmental duration of the 1st-2nd instar and immature stage of F.occidentalis fed on tobacco under high CO₂ concentration were significantly longer than those under the normal CO₂ concentration, while the case for those on kidney bean were the opposite.The survival rate of F.occidentalis fed on kidney bean and tobacco were higher under high CO₂ concentration than those under normal CO₂ concentration, offspring sex ratio, oviposition rate per female and daily oviposition rate per female of F.occidentalis were increased, and average oviposition period of F.occidentalis was prolonged;R₀, r_m, and λ of F.occidentalis fed on kidney bean and tobacco under high CO₂ concentration were significantly higher than those under normal CO₂ concentration, and DT was significantly shortened.【Conclusion】F.occidentalis can grow, develop and reproduce normally on tobacco, and might be beneficial to its population growth under elevated CO₂ concentration, which can aggravate the harm of tomato spotted wilt virus on tobacco.