秸秆还田条件下固氮蓝藻复合菌剂与促生细菌SM13对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

【目的】研究秸秆还田条件下施用固氮蓝藻复合菌剂和促生细菌SM13对水稻产量及品质的影响，为2种微生物肥料在秸秆还田中的应用提供实践经验和理论依据。【方法】以水稻品种龙粳31为试验材料，设常规施肥（CK）、施用固氮蓝藻复合菌剂（LZ）、施用促生细菌SM13（SM）及混施固氮蓝藻复合菌剂和促生细菌SM13（SL）共4个处理。测定水稻主要生育期的叶面积及干物质质量，在水稻成熟后考察水稻穗部性状和产量，在稻米理化性质稳定后测定稻米加工、外观、营养和食味品质，对比分析不同处理对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比，LZ处理的水稻灌浆期干物质质量显著增加26.40%（P<0.05，下同）；SL处理显著降低了一次枝梗结实率，LZ处理显著降低了二次枝梗的千粒重；SM、SL和LZ处理的产量分别增加10.00%、9.80%和8.78%。单施固氮蓝藻复合菌剂或促生细菌SM13及二者混施对稻米加工、外观和营养品质无显著影响（P>0.05），但SM和SL处理显著改善了稻米食味品质，其口感值和食味值较CK分别提高7.23%、4.87%和7.22%、5.74%。相关分析结果表明，产量及其构成与水稻穗部性状存在不同程度的相关性，其中产量与穗质量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与二次枝梗枝梗数呈显著正相关。【结论】在秸秆还田条件下固氮蓝藻复合菌剂和促生细菌SM13具备提高水稻产量的潜力，且促生细菌SM13能在一定程度上改善稻米食味品质。

Effects of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promoting bacteria SM 13 on yield and quality of rice with straw turnover

【Objective】The effects of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 on rice yield and quality were investigated with straw turnover, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of microbial fertilizer.【Method】The rice variety Longjing 31 was used as the tested material. Four treatments were designed, namely, conventional fertilization(CK), treatment applied with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant(LZ), treatment applied with growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SM), treatment applied with both of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant and growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SL). The leaf area and dry matter weight of rice in the main growing stages were measured, the spike traits and yield of rice were investigated after maturity, and the processing, appearance, nutrition, and taste quality of rice were measured after the physical and chemical properties of rice were stabilized, and the effects of different treatments on rice yield and rice quality were compared and analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK treatment, the dry matter weight of rice under LZ treatment was significantly increased by 26.40% at the grain filling stage(P<0.05, the same below), SL treatment significantly reduced the seed setting rate of primary branches, and LZ treatment significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight of secondary branches. The yield of SM, SL and LZ increased by 10.00%, 9.80% and 8.78% compared with CK, respectively. There was no significant effect on rice processing, appearance and nutritional quality by the single application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculant, growth-promoting bacteria SM13 and the combination of the two(P>0.05). But SM and SL treatments significantly improved rice taste quality compared with CK treatment, the texture and taste values increased by 7.23%, 4.87% and 7.22%, 5.74% respectively compared with CK. Correlation analysis indicated that there were different levels of correlation between yield and rice spike traits. There was extremely significant positive correlation between yield and panicle weight(P<0.01), and significant positive correlation between yield and secondary branch number.【Conclusion】The application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria complex microbial inoculants and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 has the potential to increase rice yield with straw turnover, and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 can enhance rice taste quality to a certain extent.