广东省菜园土壤施肥状况调查与分析

【目的】了解广东省蔬菜种植生产过程中施肥管理存在的问题,为广东省蔬菜平衡施肥提供参考。【方法】通过农户抽样调查,对珠三角增城市10户(样本)、粤西云浮罗定市15户(样本)、粤北清远连州市25户(样本)、粤东梅州五华县24户(样本)共74户蔬菜种植户蔬菜施肥状况进行分析。【结果】广东省蔬菜种植品种较多,1年3茬的复种模式占大部分。化肥氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的平均施用量分别达到444.02、456.66和441.09 kg/ha,化肥施用量N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.00∶1.03∶0.99。有机肥N、P2O5、K2O均值与化肥N、P2O5、K2O均值之比分别是0.38、0.22和0.21。平均总施肥量(N、P2O5和K2O)达到611.19、556.56和535.86 kg/ha。不同地区养分投入量存在较大差异,罗定市和五华县的有机养分投入量略高于连州市和增城市;化肥和总养分投入量均为:增城市>罗定市>五华县>连州市。【结论】广东省蔬菜生产中肥料施用量偏高,特别是P2O5肥投入偏高,NPK比例不均衡,应通过测土配方后平衡施肥。

Investigation and analysis of fertilization status of vegetable soil in Guangdong Province

Objective]The existing problems of fertilization management during vegetable planting and production in Guangdong Province were analyzed in order to provide references for the balanced fertilization of vegetable. Method]Using farmer sampling survey method , the fertilization status of 74 vegetable planters was investigated around Pearl River Delta ( 10 in Zengcheng, 15 in Luoding of Yunfu, 25 in Lianzhou of Qingyuan, 24 in Wuhua of Meizhou). Result]Many different kinds of vegetables were planted in Guangdong. Three-crop-a-year was the main multiple cropping pattern. The aver-age application rate of chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,and K2O were 444.02,456.66 and 441.09 kg/ha,respectively. N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1.00∶1.03∶0.99. The ratio of average N,P2O5 and K2O from organic manures to those from chemical fertilizers were 0.38, 0.22 and 0.21,respectively. Total N, P2O5 and K2O amount averagely reached 611.19,556.56 and 535.86 kg/ha, respectively. Nutrient inputs differed in different regions of Pearl River Delta. The organic nutrient input of Luoding city and Wuhua county was slightly higher than that of Lianzhou and Zengcheng cities. The order of total fertilizer and nutrient inputs was Zengcheng>Lu-oding>Wuhua>Lianzhou.Conclusion]Fertilizer rates were relatively higher in vegetable production of Guangdong Province. Especially the rate of phosphate fertilizer was too high. N, P2O5 and K2O ratio was imbalance in Guangdong Province. There-fore, balanced fertilization should be carried out after soil testing.