种间互作的生态效应Ⅰ.间作对蚕豆结瘤的影响

目的]探讨不同间作系统对蚕豆结瘤的影响,为选择适合蚕豆间作的作物种类和合理的间作模式提供参考.方法]在胶泥土和砂壤土条件下,于结荚期调查小麦/蚕豆、油菜/蚕豆、大蒜/蚕豆3种间作系统和单作蚕豆系统的蚕豆根瘤生长情况.结果]砂壤土中不同间作系统的蚕豆结瘤量均明显高于胶泥土.在胶泥土中,蚕豆单作及与小麦、油菜间作系统的中行蚕豆根瘤量分别比边行增加24.54% 、97.24%和61.94%,而大蒜间作系统的边行蚕豆根瘤量比中行增加80.06%;在砂壤土中,单作蚕豆根瘤量比中行增加8.14%,小麦、油菜和大蒜间作系统分别增加54.00% 、20.45%和45.33%.与单作蚕豆相比,在胶泥土中油菜、小麦和大蒜间作中行的蚕豆根瘤量分别增加491.13%、75.86%和70.44%,小麦、油菜和大蒜间作边行的蚕豆根瘤量分别增加11.04%、354.60%和282.21%;在砂壤土中,除小麦间作模式外,油菜和大蒜间作模式的中行蚕豆根瘤量分别增加30.69%和76.41%,而小麦、油菜和大蒜地的边行蚕豆根瘤量比单作地分别增加37.64%、45.56%和137.07%.在胶泥土和砂壤土中,油菜、大蒜间作均能提高蚕豆的结瘤水平,分别增加61.94%和80.05%.结论]间作对蚕豆结瘤能力的影响不仅受作物种类的影响,还受土壤类型和栽培方式的影响.

Ecological effects of interspecific interaction I.Effects of intercropping on nodulation in faba beans

【Objective】The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of intercropping on nodulation in faba bean in different soil types to screen suitable crop and model for intercropping with faba bean. 【Method】Three kinds of crops， viz.， wheat， rape and garlic were used to intercrop with faba beans and monocropping of faba beans was studied in clay and sandy loam soils， respectively. The nodules of faba bean in different intercrops were collected from root rhizosphere of faba bean during pod stage. 【Result】The nodule weight of faba bean cultivated with different intercrops in sandy loam soil was higher than that in clay soil. In clay soil， the nodule weight of faba beans in middle line of monocropping， wheat/faba bean and rape/faba bean intercropping significantly increased by 24.54， 97.24 and 61.94% compared to that in edge line， while that in edge line in garlic/faba bean intercropping was 80.06% higher than in middle line. In sandy loam soil， the nodule weight of faba bean in edge line of monocropping， wheat/faba bean， rape/faba bean and garlic/faba bean increased by 8.14， 54.00， 20.45 and 45.33% compared to that of middle line. As compared to monocropping， the nodule weight of faba bean in middle line of rape/faba bean， wheat/faba bean and garlic/faba bean in clay soil significantly increased by 491.13， 75.86 and 70.44%， respectively， and that of edge line increased by 354.60， 11.04 and 282.21%， respectively. In sandy loam soil， except for wheat/faba bean mode， the nodule weight of faba bean in middle line of rape/faba bean and garlic/faba bean modes increased by 30.69 and 76.41% as compared to monocropping， and that of edge line in wheat， rape and garlic intercropping modes increased by 37.64， 45.56 and 137.07%， respectively. In clay and sandy loam soils， faba bean intercropping with rape and garlic increased nodulation level with 61.94 and 80.05%， respectively. 【Conclusion】It was indicated that not only crop species， but also soil condition and planting mode in intercropping influenced nodulation ability of faba bean.