广西百色云耳野生菌株的遗传多样性分析

目的]分析广西百色云耳野生菌株的遗传多样性,为其种质资源的保护及开发利用提供参考.方法]从广西百色地区采集23个云耳野生菌株,进行人工栽培,期间观察测定其农艺性状;采用酯酶同工酶技术分析不同云耳菌株的酯酶同工酶酶谱多态性,并进行聚类分析.结果]在23个云耳野生菌株中,子实体朵形为单生的菌株有16个、簇生的7个;耳片边缘平滑的菌株13个,波浪状的菌株10个;耳片背面筋道脉纹明显或较明显的有15个,不明显或无脉纹的有8个;耳片颜色为浅黄褐色的菌株4个,黄褐色的8个,黑褐色的11个;耳片大小(长×宽)为30.1~51.6 mm×20.5~41.7 mm,厚度0.95~1.44 mm,表明百色云耳的形态特征具有丰富的多样性;原基形成时间26~59 d,杂菌感染率0~51.1%,耳片干湿比10.1~14.1,第一潮产量8.2%~50.5%,表明不同菌株的原基形成时间、抗杂性、干湿比和产量等方面也具有丰富的多样性.23个云耳野生菌株共检测到19条谱带,有18种谱带类型,谱带的迁移率(Rf)为16.6~88.6,分布频率为4.3%~100.0%,其中有3条带是百色云耳酯酶同工酶的特征谱带.23个云耳野生菌株的遗传相似系数为0.68~1.00,在遗传相似系数为0.68时,可分为两大类群,其中大部分菌株的聚类结果与其地理位置吻合.结论]广西百色云耳野生菌株具有丰富的遗传多样性,蕴含着较多的优异遗传性状,具有较大的开发利用潜力.

Genetic diversity of Baise Auricularia auricular wild strains in Guangxi

Objective]The genetic diversity of Baise Auricularia auricular wild strains in Guangxi was analyzed,in order to provide reference for protection,exploitation and utilization of the resources of Baise A. auricular.Method]Twenty-three A. auricular wild strains were collected from Baise in Guangxi and artificially cultivated. During this period, their agronomic characters were observed and determined. The polymorphism of esterase isozyme bands in different A. au-ricular strains was analyzed by using esterase isozyme technology,and cluster analysis was also conducted.Result]Among the 23 wild strains,there were 16 strains with the growth type of individual fruit body,7 strains with clustered fruit body;13 stains had smooth margin and 10 strains had wavy margin;at the back of A. auricular ,15 strains had ob-vious or relatively obvious veins,and 8 strains had no veins or no obvious veins;the surface color of 4 strains was fawn,8 strains tawny,and 11 strains was black brown;the size of surface(length×width)were 30.1-51.6 mm×20.5-41.7 mm and the thickness was 0.95-1.44 mm. These results showed that the morphology characters of Baise A. auricular possessed high diversity. The germination time of primodium varied from 26 to 59 d,and contamination rate of other strains varied from 0 to 51.1%;dry-wet ration of surface varied from 10.1 to 14.1 and yield of first tide varied from 8.2% to 50.5%. These results showed that there were high diversity among different strains on germination time of primordium,anti-weed-moulds,dry-wet ratio and yields. There were 19 bands in total and 18 types of bands detected from the 23 wild strains. The mobility rate(Rf)of bands ranged from 16.6 to 88.6,and the distribution frequency ranged from 4.3% to 100.0%. Three of the bands were the characteristic bands in esterase isozyme bands of Baise A. auricular. The genetic similarity co-efficients ranged from 0.68 to 1.00 among the 23 wild strains. The 23 wild strains could be divided into two groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.68. And the cluster analysis results of most strains were agreed with their geographical distribu-tion.Conclusion]Baise A. auricular wild strains in Guangxi possesses high genetic diversity,implies many good genetic characters and has great potential for exploitation and utilization.