猕猴桃溃疡病防治药剂药效评价

【目的】筛选防治猕猴桃溃疡病的有效药剂,为猕猴桃溃疡病防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用稀释划线法分离纯化猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌用于室内毒力测定,采用抑菌圈法测定16种杀菌剂的室内毒力;2014年选用11种杀菌剂分别采用枝干病斑直接涂抹50倍药液和纵刻枝干病斑后涂抹50倍药液及叶面喷施药剂商品推荐用量的方法进行猕猴桃溃疡病田间防效试验;2015年选用10种药剂进行枝干病斑直接涂抹10倍药液及辛菌胺等4种原药涂抹进行猕猴桃溃疡病田间防效试验。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,0.15%四霉素AS、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS、3%中生菌素WP、20%叶枯唑WP和80%乙蒜素EC对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为27.3114、8598.8929、19486.8899、20482.1833和42113.8064 mg/L。枝干直接涂抹50倍80%波尔多液WP和20%叶枯唑WP对猕猴桃溃疡病的防效分别达70.6%和64.1%;纵刻病斑涂药防效仅为47.6%和8.6%;枝干直接涂抹10倍液80%乙蒜素EC、0.15%四霉素AS、80%波尔多液WP及20%叶枯唑WP的防效分别为79.3%、60.0%、50.1%和41.3%;叶面分别喷施80%乙蒜素EC 1000倍、0.5%香菇多糖AS 1000倍、0.15%四霉素AS 600倍、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS 500倍及46%氢氧化铜WG 500倍液,对猕猴桃叶片溃疡病的防治效果较好,防效均在80.0%以上。【结论】采用化学药剂防治猕猴桃溃疡病时先使用波尔多液冬季清园;1月下旬~3月上旬可选用10~50倍乙蒜素、四霉素和波尔多液涂抹枝干病斑;3月中下旬开始喷施乙蒜素、香菇多糖、四霉素、辛菌胺醋酸盐或氢氧化铜等药剂防治叶片病害,也可选择叶枯唑、松脂酸铜等药剂替代使用,间隔10 d左右喷1次,连喷3~4次。

Efficacy evaluation of bactericides for kiwifruit canker

Objective]The present study was conducted to screen effective bactericides for kiwifruit canker in order to provide references for controling kiwifruit canker. Method]Streaking method was used to isolate and purify pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit cancer for indoor toxicity test. The indoor toxicity of 16 bactericides was tested using bacteriostatic cir-cle method. Field control tests for kiwifruit canker control were conducted in 2014. Eleven bactericides were used to daub stem disease spots directly at 1:50 dilution and daub stem disease spots engraved longitudinally at 1:50 dilution, and sprayed on leaves at recommended dosage. In 2015, ten bactericides at dilution of 1:10 and other four raw bactericides(such as symplectic) were used to daub canker disease spots of kiwifruit directly. Result]The indoor toxicity tests showed that median effective concentration(EC50) of 0.15% tetramycin AS, 1.8% Xinjunan acetate AS, 3% zhongshengmycin WP, 20% bis-merthiazol WP and 80% ethylicin EC against bacteria of kiwifruit cancer were 27.3114, 8598.8929, 19486.8899, 20482.1833 and 42113.8064 mg/L respectively. The control effects of 80% bordeaux mixture WP(diluted 50 times) and 20% bismerthiazol WP could reach 70.6% and 64.1% respectively with disease spots daubed directly, but only 47.6%, 8.6% with disease spots daubed after being engraved longitudinally. The control effect of 80% ethylicin EC (diluted 10 times), 0.15% tetramycin AS, 80% bordeaux mixture WP and 20% bismerthiazol WP with the disease spots daubed directly were 79.3%, 60.0%, 50.1% and 41.3% respectively. The control effects of foliage spraying with 80% ethylicin EC (diluted 1000 times), 0.5% lentinan AS(diluted 1000 times), 0.15% tetramycin AS(diluted 600 times), 1.8% Xinjunan acetate AS(diluted 500 times) and 46% copper hydroxide WG (diluted 500 times) were satisfactory and all exceeded 80.0%. Conclusion]The procedure of controling kiwifruit canker by bactericides are as follows: cleaning the garden withbordeaux mixture in winter; during late January-early May, daubing stems with ethylicin, lentinan, tetramycin and bordeaux mixture; since late May, ethylicin, lentinan, tetramycin, xinjunan acetate and copper hydroxide are sprayed to control leaf dis-ease. The bactericides are sprayed every 20 d, each spraying is sparyed for 3-4 times. They can be replaced by bismerthiazol and copper abietate.