我国农业信息化水平的区域评价与提升研究

【目的】构建农业信息化评价指标体系,对我国东、中、西部地区农业信息化现状与差异进行分析,以优化资源配置,提高资源利用率,推动农业信息化与现代化进程。【方法】以基础设施、应用与效益水平为核心的"农业信息化"布局进行归类,利用主成分分析法提取影响因子,构建农业信息化评价体系,测算2015年我国东、中、西部地区农业信息化发展水平,在因子分析的基础上利用超效率分析法研究我国31个省(市、区)农业信息化资源投入与效益产出的差异性。【结果】构建的农业信息化水平评价体系涵盖了农业信息化基础设施、农业信息化应用和农业信息化效益3个一级指标及10个二级指标。评价结果显示,我国东、中、西部地区农业信息化发展水平差距明显,平均得分分别为0.516、-0.107和-0.402;不同地区各省(区、市)发展水平也存在差距,其中,东部地区中江苏省农业信息化发展水平最高,综合得分1.251,西部地区中内蒙古农业信息化发展水平最低,综合得分-0.686。通过分析投入产出效益得出,上海市农业信息化综合得分0.495,但投入冗余最多,资源投入与产出效益不匹配。【建议】调整农业信息化发展模式,合理优化资源配置,加大科技投入,加强区域间合作,积极拓宽农业电子商务平台,提高农户信息化意识,推动农业生产、信息一体化发展。

Regional evaluation and promotion of agricultural informatization level in China

Objective]Agricultural informatization evaluation index system was established,and the current situation and differences of agricultural informatization in the eastern,central and western regions of China were analyzed,so as to optimize the allocation of resources ,improve the utilization efficiency of resources,and promote the development of agri-cultural informatization and modernization.Method]"Agricultural informatization"layout,with infrastructure,applica-tion and benefit levels as the core,was used as classification indicator. Principal component analysis was conducted to ex-tract the influencing factors,and agricultural informatization evaluation system was established. Agricultural informatiza-tion development levels of eastern,central and western regions of China in 2015 were measured on this basis. At the same time,super efficiency analysis method based on factor analysis was applied to study the difference in resource input and benefit output of agricultural informatization in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions).Result]An agri-cultural informatization development level evaluation system covering three primary indicators(agricultural informatiza-tion infrastructure,agricultural informatization application and agricultural informatization benefit)and other ten secondary indicators was established. The informatization development level evaluation result indicated that the gap among east-ern,central and western same regions of China was obvious,and the average scores were 0.516(eastern region),-0.107 (central region)and -0.402(western region)respectively. The development of different provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions) in the same regions was also unbalanced. The agricultural informatization development level of Jiangsu in eastern region was the highest with comprehensive score 1.251;but the development level of Inner Mongolia in western region was the lowest with comprehensive score-0.686. According to input-output analysis,the comprehensive score for Shanghai was 0.495. But input redundancy was the highest,resource input did not match output efficiency.Suggestion]The following suggestions are proposed to promote agricultural production and informatization integration development:adjusting the development model of agricultural information,rationally allocating resources,increasing investment in science and technology,strengthening inter regional cooperation,actively expanding the agricultural e-commerce platform,improving farmers awareness of informatization.