活性生物增产降解剂对锐尖山香圆生长生理、药效成分及土壤质量的影响

【目的】探讨活性生物增产降解剂对锐尖山香圆的应用效果，以期为锐尖山香圆微生物肥料选择及合理施用提供理论依据，也为今后锐尖山香圆提质增效的规模化种植提供技术参考。【方法】以1年生锐尖山香圆为试验材料，设叶面喷施（T1，1∶30；T2，1∶50；T3，1∶100）、灌根（T4，1∶100；T5，1∶200；T6，1∶300）、叶面喷施+灌根（T7，T1+T4； T8，T2+T5；T9，T3+T6）9个施肥处理，以同步等量施清水为对照（CK），比较活性生物增产降解剂不同处理对锐尖山香圆生长生理指标、药效成分及土壤有机质含量和土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】与CK相比，施用活性生物增产降解剂可明显促进锐尖山香圆生长，除T9处理降低株高外，其余处理均可增加株高和单叶厚度，扩大单叶面积，提高折干率与药材干重；其中，T8处理显著增加株高19.5%（P<0.05，下同）；T1处理显著增加干重73.4%、折干率31.7%、单叶厚度27.1%和单叶面积47.3%。从生理指标来看，T5处理可降低叶片各项生理指标，T7~T9处理也降低了叶绿素和脯氨酸含量，而T2处理对叶片生理指标的影响最优，较CK显著提高叶绿素含量35.5%、可溶性蛋白含量60.0%、脯氨酸含量94.6%和过氧化物酶（POD）活性82.7%，其次为T1和T4处理。从药效成分来看，T3处理的女贞苷含量和T1处理的野漆树苷含量最高，分别较CK增加59.4%和83.3%，其次为T5和T6处理。从土壤质量来看，除T3和T6处理外，其他处理均可有效改善土壤质量，尤其是T2处理较CK显著提高有机质含量76.1%、脲酶活性12.3%、蔗糖酶活性483.3%、酸性磷酸酶活性18.7%，其次为T1和T5处理。采用隶属函数法对生长生理、药效成分和土壤质量进行综合评价，不同处理的综合排序为T1处理>T2处理>T4处理>T7处理>T6处理>T9处理>T5处理>T8处理>T3处理>CK。【结论】综合考虑锐尖山香圆形态指标、生理性状、产量及药效成分等，叶面喷施活性生物增产降解剂的效果优于灌根，且叶面喷施浓度以低浓度（1∶30~1∶50）为宜，可有效促进锐尖山香圆生长、提高产量，同时增强抗性并提高药效。

Effects of biological stimulation and degradation agent on growth physiology,pharmacodynamic composition and soil quality of Turpinia arguta(Lindl.)Seem

【Objective】To investigate the application effect of biological stimulation and degradation agent on Turpinia arguta(Lindl.)Seem.,so as to provide the oretical basis for the selection and appropriate application of microbial fertilizer,and provide technical advice to the large-scale cultivation of quality and efficiency improvement,the application effect of biological stimulation and degradation agent onT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem. in the future.【Method】One-year-oldT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem. was used as the test material and nine treatments were designed,namely spraying on leaf(T1,1:30; T2,1:50;T3,1:100),filling root(T4,1:100;T5,1:200;T6,1:300)and spraying on leaf + filling root(T7,T1+T4;T8, T2+T5;T9,T3+T6),meanwhile,the same amount of water was used as the control(CK)to compare the effects of different treatments on the growth physiology indicators,pharmacodynamic composition,soil organic matter content and soil enzyme activities ofT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem.【Result】Compared with CK,the application of biological stimulation and degradation agent significantly promoted the growth ofT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem. Only T9 treatment could lower plant height,and the rest of the treatments increased the plant height and single leaf thickness,expanded single leaf area,improved drying rate and dry weight ofT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem. T8 treatment significantly increased plant height by 19.5% (P<0.05,the same below). T1 treatment significantly increased dry weight,drying rate,single leaf thickness and single leaf area by 73.4%,31.7%,27.1% and 47.3%,respectively. Seen from physiological indicators,T5 treatment lowered physiological indexes of leaves,and T7-T9 treatments reduced chlorophyll and proline contents,while T2 treatment significantly increased content of chlorophyll,soluble protein,proline and peroxidase activities by 35.5%,60.0%,94.6% and 82.7%,respectively,followed by T1 and T4 treatments. Seen from pharmacodynamic composition,test materials under T3 treatment had the highest content of C₃₃H₄₀O₁₈ and test materials under T1 treatment had the highest content of C₂₇H₃₀O₁₄,which were 59.4% and 83.3% higher than CK,respectively,followed by T5 and T6 treatments. Seen from soil quality,in addition to the T3 and T6 treatments,other treatments effectively improved soil quality,especially T2 treatment significantly increased organic matter content,urease activity,sucrose enzyme activity,acid phosphatase activity by 76.1%,12.3%,483.3% and 18.7% compared with CK,followed by T1 and T5 treatments. The comprehensive evaluation of growth,pharmacodynamic composition and soil quality was carried out by membership function method,the order of different treatments were T1 treatment>T2 treatment>T4 treatment>T7 treatment>T6 treatment>T9 treatment>T5 treatment>T8 treatment>T3 treatment>CK.【Conclusion】Considering the morphological indicators,physiological traits,yield and pharmacodynamic composition ofT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem.,in terms the effect of active biological yield-increasing degradation agent,spraying on leaves is better than watering the root. Spraying low concentration(1:30-1:50)agent can effectively promote the growth,increase yield,enhance resistance and improve efficacy ofT. arguta(Lindl.)Seem.