南方大豆皱叶发生时叶片形态变化及其对产量性状的影响

【目的】研究南方大豆皱叶发生时叶片形态特征变化及皱叶对产量性状的影响，为明确皱叶对大豆叶片形态、农艺性状和产量相关性状的影响程度及揭示大豆皱叶发生机制提供数据支撑。【方法】利用皱叶症近杂合异质系材料GY_C （皱叶）和GY_N （正常），采用随机区组试验设计，研究大豆皱叶症级为4时，叶片形态、叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数、农艺及产量相关性状的变化。【结果】皱叶发生后叶片主脉薄壁细胞、皱缩处叶片增厚，叶缘处叶片变薄。叶片皱缩处栅栏组织和海绵组织排列不规则，叶缘处出现多层薄壁细胞。皱叶发生时，大豆叶片鲜重和干重、叶柄鲜重和干重、叶柄长和粗、叶片长和宽、叶面积等形态指标均显著减少（P<0.05，下同）。皱叶的叶绿素含量分布不均，但对光合气体交换参数无显著影响（P>0.05）。大豆发生皱叶后成熟期平均提前3.33 d，茎秆变细，抗倒伏性变差，株高、底荚高、主茎节数等农艺性状也有减少趋势，但不同年份有所不同。皱叶导致大豆单株干物质重、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重等产量相关性状显著减少，GY_C较GY_N两年平均减产43.11%。皱叶发生时大豆籽粒蛋白含量有降低趋势、油分含量有增高趋势，但不同年份存在差异。【结论】南方大豆皱叶发生时形态上主要因叶缘不能正常伸展所致，皱叶（症级为4）发生后大豆叶面积减少，植株干物质积累变少，生育期缩短、抗倒伏性变差，严重影响单株粒重等产量相关性状。

Changes of leaf morphology during the occurrence of wrinkled leaves in southern soybean and its effects on yield traits

【Objective】To investigate the effects of crinkle leaf on soybean leaf morphology and yield in South China, which could assist to clarify the impact of crinkle leaf on leaf morphology,agronomic characters and yield-related characteristics of soybean and reveal the occurrence mechanism of soybean crinkle leaf in South China.【Method】A randomized block trial design was used to research effects on leaf morphology,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic gas exchange parameters,agronomic traits,yield and yield-related traits in two crinkle leaf heterozygous lines:GY_C(crinkle leaf line) and GY_N(normal line).【Result】After the occurrence of crinkle leaf,the parenchyma of the main vein and the wrinkle spaces of the crinkle leaves thickened,but spaces at the leaf edge became thinner. Palisade tissue and spongy tissue were arranged irregularly at the wrinkled spaces and multi-layer parenchyma cells appeared at the leaf margin. With crinkle leaf occurrence,morphological indexes such as the fresh and dry weights of soybean leaves and petioles,petiole length and thickness,leaf length and width,as well as the leaf area decreased significantly(P<0.05 the same below). The distribution of chlorophyll content in wrinkled leaves was uneven,but had no significant effect on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters(P>0.05). With the occurrence of crinkle leaf,soybean matured in 3.33 days on average than those without it. Stems became thinner,with a decrease in lodging resistance and the agronomic characters such as plant height,bottom pod height and the number of main stem nodes also tended to decrease. However,these differences varied in different years of observation. Crinkle leaf resulted in the reduction of yield-related traits such as plant dry weight,pod and seed numbers per plant,seed weight per plant and 100 seeds weight. The average yield of GY_C was 43.11% lower than that of normal leaf material from GY_N in two years. Seed protein content of the crinkle leaf material tended to decrease and the seed oil content tended to increase,but with variation in different years.【Conclusion】Morphologically,the main cause of soybean leaf wrinkle in South China is that the leaf margin cannot stretch normally. With the occurrence of wrinkled leaf,the soybean leaf area and the accumulation of plant dry matter decreases,with a shortening of the growth period and a decrease in lodging resistance. Crinkle leaf of soybean in South of China seriously affects the yield and yieldrelated traits such as grain weight.