半枝莲联合针灸对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脾肺组织结构的保护作用

【目的】明确半枝莲醇提物联合针灸对2型糖尿病（T2DM）的治疗效果，为动物T2DM提供有效的治疗手段，进而保障宠物业的健康发展。【方法】选取60只4周龄的SPF级近交系Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为2组，健康对照组（H组）15只和建模组（M组）45只；链脲佐菌素（45 mg/kg）联合高糖高脂诱导构建T2DM大鼠模型，建模成功后将其随机分为模型对照组（M组，15只）、半枝莲治疗组（S组，15只）及半枝莲联合针灸治疗组（A组，15只，针灸穴位包括脾俞、肾俞、三阴交和足三里）。对A组和S组进行3个疗程（每疗程6 d）的治疗，分别于治疗第7、14和21 d采集各处理组大鼠的尾静脉血测定空腹血糖（FBG），同时各处理组分别处死5只大鼠，取肝脏、脾脏和肺脏固定后制作石蜡切片，肝脏和脾脏采用HE染色，肺脏采用HE染色和Masson染色，观察其组织结构病理变化。【结果】与H组相比，M组大鼠的体重极显著下降（P<0.01，下同），而FBG极显著升高；肝脏细胞由水肿发展为脂肪变性或局灶性坏死，炎症细胞浸润逐渐增强；脾脏组织局部细胞坏死，红髓和白髓分布混乱，淋巴细胞减少且排列紊乱；肺脏肺泡内出血，支气管黏膜下层和血管壁胶原纤维增生，最终导致部分肺泡萎陷或实变消失。与M组相比，A组和S组大鼠的体重呈增长趋势，至治疗第21 d极显著升高，而FBG在治疗第14和21 d均极显著降低；肝脏脂肪变性得到改善、水肿减轻、炎症细胞浸润减少；脾脏红髓和白髓结构、生发中心均逐渐趋于正常，淋巴细胞数量和脾小结数量均增多，且A组大鼠的增加数量多于S组大鼠；肺脏内出血减轻、炎症细胞减少，A组大鼠肺脏的肺间隔增厚程度低于S组大鼠。【结论】STZ联合高脂高糖诱导T2DM大鼠模型稳定，能对大鼠肝脏、脾脏和肺脏造成损伤。半枝莲或半枝莲联合针灸治疗对T2DM大鼠肝脏、脾脏和肺脏组织结构均具有较好的改善效果，且以针灸配合半枝莲的效果更优。

Protective effects of Sculellaria barbata combined with acupuncture on the structure of liver,spleen and lung in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

【Objective】To explore the therapeutic effect of Sculellaria barbata alcohol extract combined with acupuncture on type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）in rats，so as to provide effective treatment for animal T2DM and to ensure the healthy development of the pet industry.【Method】A total of 60 male SPF Wistar rats aged four weeks were randomly di-vided into two groups: 15 in the healthy control group（group H）and 45 in the modeling group（group M）；Rat T2DM was modeled by the administration of streptozotocin（STZ，45 mg/kg）combined with a high sugar and lipid diet. Rats successfully modeled were randomly divided into the model control group（group M with 15 rats），S. barbata treatment group（group S with 15 rats）and S. barbata combined with acupuncture treatment group（group A with 15 rats，and the acupuncture points were Pishu，Shenshu，Sanyinjiao and Zusanli）. Group A and group S were treated for 3 courses with 6 d per course. The caudal venous blood were collected to measure fasting blood glucose（FBG）on the 7th，14th and 21st days of treatment. Simultaneously，5 rats in each treatment group were killed and their liver，spleen and lung were fixed and paraffin sections prepared. The pathological changes in organizational structure were observed in the liver and spleen stained with HE，while the lung was stained with HE and Masson.【Result】Compared with group H，the weight of rats in group M decreased significantly（P<0.01，the same below），while FBG increased significantly；liver cells developed from edema to steatosis or focal necrosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells increased gradually；the spleen tissue showed local cell necrosis，the distribution of red pulp and white pulp was chaotic and lymphocytes appeared to decline in number with a disordered arrangement；pulmonary alveoli displayed hemorrhaging with collapsed or absent alveoli with consolidation and collagen fibers in the bronchial submucosa and vascular wall were more prolific.Compared with group M，the weight of rats in group A and group S showed an increasing trend and increased significantly on the 21st day of treatment，while FBG decreased significantly on the 14th and 21st days of treatment；hepatic steatosis was improved，edema was reduced and infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced；the structure and germinal center of red pulp and white pulp of spleen gradually tended towards the healthy control and the number of lymphocytes and splenic nodules increased with a higher increase in group A than in group S；lung internal hemorrhaging and inflammatory cells were decreased；the thickening degree of the pulmonary septum in group A was lower than that in group S.【Conclusion】The model of T2DM in rats induced by STZ combined with a high lipid and high sugar diet effectively and stably induces T2DM symptoms with damage to the liver，spleen and lung. S. barbata alone or combined with acupuncture both improve the organizational structure of the liver，spleen and lung in T2DM symptomatic rats，while the effect of S. barbata combined with acupuncture is more significant.