控制土壤含水量对蔬菜产量及露地菜田水分渗漏量的影响

【目的】通过揭示不同土壤含水量对蔬菜产量及蔬菜地土壤水分渗漏量的影响,为蔬菜生产中合理灌溉提供指导。【方法】通过3年田间试验,利用TDR连续监测土壤含水量,运用田间定位通量法计算土体水分渗漏量,分析不同水分处理下蔬菜产量和土体水分渗漏量之间的差异。【结果】传统水分处理下蔬菜地水分累积渗漏量为982mm,其中蔬菜生长期内累积渗漏量为748mm,占蔬菜生长期内供水量的36%;优化水分处理和充分水分处理下蔬菜地水分累积渗漏量230mm和468mm,其中蔬菜生长期内水分累积渗漏量分别144mm和293mm,占各处理下供水量的9%和17%。除2002年优化和充分水分处理下花椰菜产量高于传统水分处理下花椰菜产量并达到显著水平外,其余年份蔬菜产量并无显著差异。【结论】保持土壤含水量在蔬菜生长有效土壤含水量50%～80%的优化水分处理在蔬菜生产中有很大的推广价值。

Effect of Control soil Water Content on Vegetable Yield and the Characteristic of Water Drainage in Vegetable Filed

Objective] The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the different soil water content on vegetable yield and water drainage amount in vegetable field and prove a firm scientific foundation for water management in vegetable product. Method] A field experiment was conducted in an intensively irrigated vegetable field for three consecutive years. Soil water content was monitored using TDR and water drainage amount was calculated by field orientation flux method, field water drainage and vegetable yield was compared under the different water treatments. Result] Field water drainage was 982 mm and 230 mm and 468 mm respectively in the throughout experiment, while the applied water amount during vegetable growth period were 748 mm, 144 mm and 293 mm under traditional and improved and filled water treatments, which account for 36%, 9% and 17%. Yield of vegetable has no significant difference under the different water treatments, but it was lower in the traditional than that of the others water treatment and has significant difference during the period of Cauliflower in 2002. Conclusion] In vegetable product extended value was very high for improved water management that soil water moisture was kept between 50% and 80% of plant-extractable soil water in the rooting zone of the vegetable plants.