间套作资源集约利用及对产量品质影响研究进展

简要介绍了间套作对世界粮食安全的重要性,并对间套作领域当前主要的研究进展进行了综述与讨论。首先,综述了间套作复合群体在光能利用特性,指出了间套作可通过增强叶片光合性能和提高光的截获率与转化效率显著提高光能利用率。其次,综述了不同间套作复合群体在氮、磷、钾养分及水分利用等方面存在的竞争和互补利用现象,讨论了各种间套作类型资源高效利用的可能机制。最后,综述了间套作对产量和品质的影响。间套作可以使产量提高20%～50%,合理的种植密度和复合群体结构是高产的关键。不同间套作类型对秸秆和籽粒粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分及无氮浸出物等营养物质含量和产量的影响。通过以上几个方面的讨论,指出了间套作研究在资源集约利用、产量和品质等方面存在的不足和需进一步研究的问题。

Advances in Resources Intensive Utilization, Yield and Quality in intercropping or Relay Cropping Systems

In the paper, the importance of intercropping and relay system to the foodstuff safety was briefly reviewed. And then the authors discussed the key progress in the studies of intercropping and relay system. First, the characteristic of solar radiation utilization of intercropping or relay cropping compound colony was reviewed, which indicated that intercropping and relay cropping system could increase the use efficiency of solar radiation by improving the photosynthesis ability, light capture and transformation. Second, the competition and complementation of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and water and the mechanisms of higher use efficiency on resources were discussed. Finally, the effects on the yield and quality of each crop in intercropping or relay systems were summarized. Intercropping or relay cropping could increase the total yield by 20%~50%, which was achieved by reasonable planting density and compound colony structure. And the effects of different types intercropping and relay cropping system on qualities, such as the yield and content of protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen free extract of organs and grain, were quite different. It also gave some suggestions to further studies on resources utilization, yield and quality of intercropping and relay cropping system, based on the argumentations above.