中国长江流域新育成籼稻品种分析及育种应用

根据对 2 0 0 2年南方稻区国家水稻品种区试资料的分析发现 ,中国长江流域早籼、中籼、晚籼、优质、普通品种的平均相对产量 (以对照品种绝对产量为 10 0 )分别是 99 9、 10 3 7、10 1 5、 10 2 2和 10 2 3,绝大部分参试品种的抗病性表现不够理想、处于中抗 -中感或更弱的水平 ,早籼、中籼和晚籼的优质品种比率分别是 0 0 %、 2 8 0 %、 17 9%。适当增加植株高度对产量有重要的间接促进作用 ,在保持适当有效穗数的前提下 ,每穗实粒数的增加对产量提高具有最重要的作用。影响早籼、中籼、晚籼品种优质的主要品质性状分别是整精米率、垩白米率和垩白度、整精米率垩白米率及垩白度 ,影响高产 (增产、平产 )品种优质的主要品质性状是垩白米率和垩白度。提出了进一步提高育种水平的建议

Analysis of New Indica Rice Varieties and Breeding Application in the Yangtse Valley in China

The data of national rice regional trial in Southern China in 2002 were analyzed. The results indicated that the average relative yield (against 100 as absolute yield of CK) of varieties of early indica (EI), middle indica (MI), late indica (LI), high quality (HQ) and general (G) were 99.9, 103.7, 101.5, 102.2 and 102.3 respectively in the Yangtse Valley in China. Resistances to diseases of most varieties belong to moderately resistant (MR)-moderately susceptible (MS). Percentage of high quality varieties of EI, MI and LI were 0.0%, 28.0% and 17.9% respectively. The plant height with suitable higher would do important action indirectly to increase yield. Keeping suitable effective panicles, it is the most important to increase filled grains per panicle to improve yield. The main quality traits to affect on quality of EI, MI and LI were head rice rate, chalky grain rate chalkiness and head rice rate chalky grain rate chalkiness respectively. The main quality traits to affect on quality of high yield (increased significantly or similar to CK) varieties were chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Some advices to advance breeding technologies were given.