大豆遗传资源农艺性状的鉴定和筛选

对来自于中国黄淮海大豆产区、北方大豆产区和南方大豆产区的316个大豆品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和比较。结果表明,育成品种的分枝数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数明显不及农家品种,而其它性状如主茎荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数和百粒重优于农家品种。以育成品种和农家品种分别所作的相关分析表明,主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数均与单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著的正相关;主茎节数与株高、主茎荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数呈显著正相关;分枝数与分枝荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著或非显著正相关,但与主茎荚数呈负向显著相关;单株粒数与单株粒重显著正相关,百粒重与单株粒重正向显著相关,与单株粒数负相关显著。通过比较和分析,就百粒重、生育期和株高筛选出一些具有极端值的品种,可以用作品种选育的亲本和大豆分子育种如转基因受体或分子标记作图群体的遗传材料。

Identification and Screening of Agronomic Traits in Soybean Genetic Resources

The comparison of agronomic traits of three hundred and sixteen varieties of soybean, from the growing-areas of Huanghuaihai, north China and south China, indicated that branches per plant, pods per branch and pods per plant of improved varieties were inferior to those of landraces of Hebei. But the other traits, such as pods of main stem, seed weight per plant, seed number per plant and 100-seed weight, were superior to those of the locales. The correlation analyses, by using the improved and landrace materials, respectively, showed that the significantly positive relations existed between pods of main stem, pods per branch, pods per plant and seeds per plant and seed weight per plant .The same striking positive relations also existed between node number of main stem and plant height, pods of main stem, pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seeds per plant. Besides, branches per plant were significantly or non-significantly positively related to pods of branch, pods per plant, seeds of single plant and seed weight per plant, but when comes to pods of main stem, the relation was opposite. There were significantly positive relations between seeds per plant and seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant, whereas negative between 100-seed weight and seeds per plant. Through comparison and analysis, some varieties with traits of minimum or maximum were screened out. These materials could be used as parents of soybean improvement and acceptors of transferring gene or resources of molecular marker mapping populations.