城市化进程中的农村居民点用地变化分析 ——以广州市为例

随着社会经济的发展,在区域建设用地变化中,占重要地位的农村居民点用地变化,已经成为城乡一体化进程中值得关注的问题。以城市化为角度对广州市农村居民点用地现状和变化进行了分析,研究发现在1997~2002年间,广州市的城市化水平综合指标由68.28增加到75.28,年平均增长的比率为1.92%,而农村居民点用地的变化非常平稳,在6年间共增长了796.67hm2,年平均增长0.47%。以上数据反映广州市农村居民点用地变化滞后于经济发展和城市化。广州的城市化是以自组织为主的城镇化,产业与居住的分散化决定了小城镇发展呈现均衡性特征。这样实质上把有限的农村空间割裂为多个不大的发展中心。这种多中心往往导致无中心,即建设无重点、发展无中心、各乡镇过度竞争,造成区域内资源的不合理流动与低效率配置,影响资源向优势区位的流转,无法形成土地资源的集约利用,最终导致农村居民点用地变化滞后于经济发展和城市化。针对农村居民点用地状况,当前对策主要是依托城市化对农村居民点进行土地整理规划使其用地变化向规模减少、集约利用发展。广州市有农村居民点的各区(县级)市,发展情况各不相同,根据不同的社会经济发展条件和地理条件可以对上述区域进行分类,分别采用适合的模式。

The Analysis of Changing of Rural Residential Land Use-Taking Guangzhou City as An Example

With development of economy and society, the changing of rural residential land use which play an important role in the field of constructive land use has been a noticeable topic in the course of urban-rural integration. This paper analyses the actuality and changing of rural residential land use of Guangzhou city from the viewpoint of the urbanization. From 1997 to 2002, Guangzhou''s general urbanization index had been raised up to 75.28 from 68.28, the average rate of its promotion is 1.92 % per year. On the other hand, the changing of rural residential land use is not remarkable, there are only 796.67 hm2 increased rural residential land in Guangzhou , the average rate of its promotion is 0.47 % per year. It can be detected from the data that changing of rural residential land use of Guangzhou city has dropped behind the urbanization and the development of economy; at last, proposes the relevant solution that rural residential must be readjusted relying on urbanization to decrease its area and promote the intension of its land use .The urbanization of Guangzhou is self-organization. In Guangzhou, its balance because of the decentralization of its habitation and its industry characterizes the development of the town. In result, the space of the country had been partitioned into a number of developing centers. Excessive center is no center. It can bring up some problems that the emphasis of the development is not prominent a; there are a lot of excessive competitions among the towns; the resources in the district can''t be flowed and distributed reasonable. It is impossible to promote the intension of its land use because the resource can''t be concentrated into some advantaged regions. They are also the reasons that changing of rural residential land use of Guangzhou city has dropped behind the urbanization and the development of economy, there are relevant solutions that rural residential must be readjusted relying on urbanization to decrease its area and promote the intension of its land use; the districts, which have rural residential, can be classify by the level of the development and geographic location; at last, it is facility to single out the most suitable measure to readjust the rural residential in the different categories of the districts.