从苦豆子种子中提取生物碱的方法研究

对苦豆子种子中生物碱进行了提取、分离及苦参碱的定性和定量分析的研究。将苦豆子粉碎后,在室温下分别用0.4%盐酸、95%乙醇、1%氨水氯仿、无水乙醇溶剂冷浸7天共4次,经脱脂、酸化、碱化、萃取,得到生物碱;通过薄层层析(TLC)法进行单碱的分离,气相色谱(GC)法进行苦参碱的定性和定量分析。结果表明:以上4种提取方法出碱率分别为3.67%、2.73%、2.47%和1.60%;薄层层析(TLC)检查,以上4种方法提取的苦豆子生物碱中至少含有四种单一生物碱;气相色谱检测证明了以上4种方法提取的苦豆子生物碱中均含有苦参碱,其百分含量分别为8.460%、7.553%、5.675%、0.893%。其中0.4%盐酸冷浸提取法提取率明显高于其他溶剂提取率,为苦豆子生物碱优选提取方法。

Studies on Extraction of Alkaloids in seeds of Sophora alopecuraides L.

The extraction and separation of Alkaloids in seeds of Sophora alopecuroides were studied in the experiment, the quantitative and qualitative analysis in matrine were also detected. Alkaloids were extracted from seeds by immersing in 0.4% hydrochloric acid, 95% alcohol, 1% ammonia-chloroform and anhydrous alcohol for four times in seven days under the room temperature after crushed, accompanying by delipoid, acidification, alkalization, extraction. Single Alkaloids were separated by TLC method, and quantitative and qualitative analysis was done by GC method. The results suggested that extraction yield of four methods above were 3.67%,2.73%,2.47% and 1.60% respectively. The extracted Alkaloids in each method contained four kinds of single Alkaloids at least by TLC. The extraction Alkaloids of all these four methods contained Kushen Alkaloids detected by GC, and the extraction yield were 8.460%,7.553%,5.675%and0.893% respectively. The results showed that extraction yield by 0.4% hydrochloric acid under room temperature was obviously higher than other solvents, which could be the optimal extraction method of Alkaloids in seeds of Sophora alopecuroides.