中国玉米分子标记技术研究概况

概述了近年来分子标记技术在中国玉米遗传多样性、杂种优势及杂种产量的预测、目标基因和QTL定位、DNA指纹图谱构建和杂交种子纯度鉴定等研究方面的应用。认为分子标记技术在以下方面将具有广阔的前景:(1)在玉米特用种质资源的发现、鉴定、分类整理和开发利用上,应用分子标记技术,能进一步挖掘与玉米高产、优质、高抗有关的基因性状,从而进行基因的定位和标记,提高玉米育种的效率。(2)运用该技术对玉米抗病、抗虫、抗涝、抗旱等抗逆性基因进行精确定位,为这些抗逆基因的克隆、转化及利用打下良好基础,为分子标记辅助选择育种提供了便利,有利于加快育种进程。(3)随着分子标记技术的进一步完善与发展,以及玉米DNA指纹计算机应用软件的开发,其检测技术将逐步程序化、简单化和自动化,应用分子标记技术可以经济、迅速、准确的鉴定和检测玉米自交系或杂交种的纯度及真伪,为品种保护和开发提供可靠的依据。

Research of Molecular Marker Technology for Maize in China

The summary of this paper is the progresses of the applications of molecular marker technology in studying on maize in China, including: (1) the applications of molecular marker technology in maize genetic diversity research; (2) the predict research of maize heterosis and yield by molecular marker technology; (3) study on maize target gene and QTL mapping using molecular marker; (4) The application of molecular marker on fingerprint establishing of maize DNA and seed testing. The future prospects of molecular marker study on maize will be: (1) Mapping and marking the genes with high-yield, quality and resistant to stress from the study of finding, identifying, classifying and utilizing of maize special germplasm through molecular marker technology in order to increase the efficiency of maize breeding; (2) Accurately mapping the genes of resistant to stresses of maize by molecular marker technology for their clone, transformation, utilization and AMS in order to reduce the times of maize breeding; (3) With the improvement and faultless of molecular marker technology, the development of DNA fingerprint computer software in maize, check technology with schedulium, oversimplify and automatic will be economic, fast and exact for maize seed testing.